Studien zur Betalain Phytochemie mittels Ion-Paar countercurrent Chromatographie

Betalains display color from yellow-orange to red-purple within few species of Chenopodiaceae family. The specific structures and consistencies upon pH are the most applicative features of betalains. Only several betalains are heavily understood and available as references due to their instabilities and rare appearances in only several edible crops. That requires robust techniques for large scale production and investigation of new betalainic sources. Countercurrent chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography are preparative purification techniques based on continuous liquid-liquid extraction and have been applied on natural pigments such as anthocyanins and betalains. This work added to a few studies on betalains from some highly pigmented cultivars as Opuntia, Atriplex and Hylocereus; which results confirmed the feasibility of preparative isolation of pigments using CCC. The application of ion pair CCC on Opuntia pigments showed comparable distribution values between analytical and preparative high performance spectrum. Similar results were seen in the comparison between CCC and CPC studies, indicating the scale-up possibility of these methods. The Opuntia metabolites were investigated next to pigments, from which betalains and flavonoid glycosides were isolated from other cyclicpeptides. This work also examined the heat stability of Opuntia pigments that the un-resolvable of intact pigments from their thermal artifacts were witnessed. This study developed a large lab scale pre-purification process for complex extracts of betalain plants, using highly available and bio-degraded chitin. This approach including simple adsorption and desorption steps based on strong pigments binding capacity of the chitin. The procedure was optimized and proved its capacity to concentrate the minor pigments from heterogeneous betalain crude extracts of red beet and Opuntia. This enrichment approach was then applied to Atriplex and Hylocereus in larger scale prior to CCC separation. The combination of this chitin process with CCC using ion pair solvent system TBME/n-BuOH/ACN/water TFA monitored by ESI-MS/MS profile could fractionate the pigments of Atriplex from their flavonoids, and isolated high purity celosianin II for NMR structural identifications. The un-resolve of dragon fruits pigments indicated its high polarities and required stronger ion pair reagents. This result confirmed the indispensable of ion pair reagents within CCC separation of betalains.Betalaine ersetzen mit Farbspektrum von gelb-orange bis rot-violett die Anthocyane in einigen Spezies der Chenopodiaceaen. Die unterschiedlichen Strukturen und Konsistenzen, die sie bei verschiedenen pH-Werten aufweisen, bieten interessante Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. Durch Instabilität und Seltenheit in Nutzpflanzen sind jedoch nur wenige Betalaine vollständig erforscht und als Analysenreferenzen vorhanden. Die Gegenstrom und zentrifugale Verteilungschromatographie sind präparative Trenntechniken, die auf Flüssig-Flüssig-Extraktion beruhen und häufig für natürliche Pigmente wie Anthocyane und Betalaine genutzt werden. Diese Arbeit hat zu einigen Studien von hochpigmentierten Kultivaren wie Opuntia, Atriplex und Hylocereus beigetragen. Deren Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass eine präparative Isolierung der Betalaine mittels flüssigkeitsbasierter Trenntechniken möglich ist. Die Anwendung von Ionenpaarchromatographie bei Opuntia-Pigmenten zeigt vergleichbare Verteilungskoeffizienten bei analytischen und präparativen Durchgängen an einer High Performance CCC Modul Spectrum. Zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen führt der Vergleich zwischen CCC und CPC. Neben der Analyse der Pigmente wurden auch deren Metabolite untersucht. Die Hitzestabilität von Pigmenten aus Opuntia wurde während der Verarbeitung analysiert, wobei nicht trennbare Verbindungen der intakten Pigmente mit ihren thermisch induzierten Artefakten beobachtet wurden. Weiterhin wurde ein Vorreinigungsschritt mit biologisch abbaubaren Chitin im erweiterten Labormaßstab entwickelt. Das Verfahren basiert auf einfachen Ad- und Desorptionsschritten, die auf der pigmentbindenden Kapazität des Chitins beruhen. Begleitende Analysen wurden durchgeführt, um den Prozess zu optimieren und zu zeigen, dass auch Minorpigmente der Rohextrakte aus Rote Beete und Opuntia vorgereinigt werden können. Dieser Prozess wurde anschließend zur Anreicherung von Pigmenten aus Atriplex und Hylocereus angewendet. Durch die Kombination der Chitin-Vorreinigung mit anschließender Ion-Paar CCC und der Prozessüberwachung mittels ESI-MS/MS Profiling gelang die erfolgreiche Isolierung der Hauptpigmente von Atriplex. Der nicht trennbare Teil der Drachenfruchtpigmente weist auf die außergewöhnliche Polarität der Betalainstrukturen hin, welche stärkere Ionenpaarreagenzien für eine ausreichende Fraktionierung benötigen. Das Ergebnis bestätigt die Notwendigkeit von Ionenpaarreagenzien bei der CCC-Trennung der stark hydrophoben Betalaine

FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL; AN ASSESSMENT

The study is about breast lesions which is a common cause of mortality and morbidity among females. To avoid negative consequences, there is need for urgent diagnosis and treatment. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a useful diagnostic tool and possess higher level of accuracy. In this study, the objective was to determine the accuracy of FNAC in diagnosis of palpable breast lumps. Additionally, the objective was to find the correlation between cytological findings and histopathological examination of surgical specimens. The methodology of the study was based on retrospective study method. FNAC of breast lump was conducted on 271 patients out of which 104 formed the base group. The results showed that there were 104 patients of base study who had average age of 32 years. There were 54 patients with lump in left breasts, and 46 patients with lump in right breasts and 4 patient had bilateral lump. There were 77 patients with benign, 34 patients with malignant, and 3 had atypica;/suspicious lesions on cytological examination. Based on histopathological examination, 77 cases were related to benign, 26 were related to malignant, and 1 with atypical/suspicious. Cyto-histological concurrence was 93.05% and 79.2% for Fibroadenoma and Infiltrating ductal carcinoma respectively. Overall sensitivity of FNAC procedure was 94.17%, specificity 100% and accuracy 93.26%.  On the basis of result, it is concluded that FNAC is a simple, reliable method for diagnosis of both benign and malignant lesions and can be used in the evaluation of breast lesions.

The Impact of FDI, International Trade, and National Economy on People’s Standard of Living in ASEAN Countries

This research paper analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI), international trade, and national economy on the standard of living of people in ASEAN member countries, using data from 2012-2021. The study uses data from this period to examine the effects of these variables on the standard of living in ASEAN member countries. The results indicate that international trade and national economy have a significant influence on people's standard of living in the region. However, the effect of FDI varies depending on the level of development of the country. While FDI doesn't have much effect on developing countries, it has a negative impact on developed countries. The study also provides insights for policymakers on how to promote economic growth and improve the quality of life for people in the ASEAN. Keywords: FDI, international trade, national economy, the standard of living, ASEAN DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-6-10 Publication date:March 31st 2023

Do Corporate Social Responsibilities Support Its Financial Performance? Evidence of the Listed Firms in Vietnam

In the latest decades, corporate social responsibilities (CSR) are incrementally noticed in emerging countries regarding to the surge of globalization and the advance of social concerns. However, there exist opposing arguments on how CSR practices influence a firm’s financial performance (CFP), either in theoretical or empirical perspectives, causing many managers’ hesitation in CSR engagement. This study, therefore, examines the impacts of CSR on CFP, considering the individual effect of each CSR endeavor by using the data from listed firms’ financial statements during the period 2015-2019 and panel regression analysis methods. The findings reveal inconstant effects of different CSR activities on CFP. Specifically, a firm’s fulfillment of shareholders’ and customers’ interests contributes to raise its profitability, while its engagement in the benefits of employees and creditors causes a reduction in financial returns. Interestingly, the correlations between firms’ responsibilies towards regulators and suppliers and CFP are statistically insignificant. Furthermore, we make pairwise marginal comparisons to identify the distinctions of CSR-CFP relations across industries. The results only indicate that listed firms in Utilities sector have the lower level of CSR intensity than those in Consumer Discretionary and Consumer Staples sectors. The implications and limitations are also discussed in this study

Replacing Face-To-Face Classes by Synchronous Online Technologies: The HOU Experience

AbstractSince 2009, HOU has been providing live virtual classes for various distance learningprograms.This paper will provide an opportunity to look at the issues involved in the use of thesemultimedia-enabled delivery approaches, the technology behind them, the logistics involved,and to provide an HOU perspective of the experiences encountered.The goal of research was to provide a systematic methods to implement the highlyinteractive live session. The additional goals was to design the portable hardware and easy touse software toolset as well as easy to follow guidelines on how to propel the lectures fromthe conventional dull chalk and talk and to minimise the number of staff required to give thelectures.Through a combination of surveys and feedback from lecturers and students, we are ableto better understand the obstacles and to continuously improve on the effectiveness of theseinteractive delivery approaches

DIESEL OIL UTILIZING-BIOSURACTANT PRODUCING BACTERIAL ISOLATE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCED BIOSURFACTANTS TOWARD BIOREMEDIATION APPLICATION

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Optimization of protein extraction from "Cam" rice bran by response surface methodology

"Cam" rice bran was considered a waste product from rice, which is rich in natural compounds and protein owing to its outstanding nutritional value. This study aimed to establish an optimization model for extracting protein from rice bran, with two responses: extraction yield (%) and protein content (%). The variable parameters included were pH (8.5-9.5), stirring time (3.5-4.5 h), and enzyme incubation temperature (85-95°C). The coefficient of determination for both models were above 0.95, indicating a high correlation between the actual and estimated values. The maximum extraction yield and protein content were achieved when the conditions were set at pH of 9.02, stirring time of 4.02 h, and extraction temperature of 90.6°C. Under these optimum conditions, the predicted protein extracted from rice bran was 43.03% (moisture <13.0%), with an extraction yield of 15.9%. The findings of this study suggested that this protocol can enhance the utilization of rice bran and might be employed on a large scale in the food industry to exploit the nutritional source

Optimization of culture conditions of Streptomyces antibioticus strain 1083 to improve the antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila

Fish is a healthy, high protein and low fat food that encourages the health and growth of people, especially children. However, in fact fish is very sensitive to many diseases which affects the productivity and quality of fish. Therefore, identifying the cause of the diseases and finding preventive measures become an urgent task today. In the previous study, we isolated Streptomyces antibioticus strain 1083 that has the ability to antagonize Aeromonas hydrophila - a pathogenic bacterium in fish. Based on the obtained results, we continue to perform this study to determine optimal conditions for the culture of S. antibioticus strain 1083 in order to produce antimicrobial compounds against A. hydrophila. The production of antagonists by the strain 1083 was optimized by controlling the condition of different inoculations such as media, pH, temperature and incubation period. The results indicated that International Streptomyces Project 2 (ISP2) was the best medium for S. antibioticus strain 1083 to produce the highest antimicrobial activity against A. hydrophila with 32 mm in diameter of inhibited zone. The actinomycete strain 1083 could express the maximum antimicrobial activity when they were incubated in shaker incubator (200rpm) at 40oC with pH8 in 8 days. The ability of the actinomycete strain in antagonism against A. hydrophila was evaluated by adding different culture medium volume of S. antibioticus strain 1083. With adding 10% cultured solution volume of S. antibioticus strain 1083 into the culture medium of A. hydrophila, after 1 day of inoculation the number of pathogenic bacteria cells were completely eliminated

Kakvoća tjestenine bogate vlaknima, obogaćene prahom kore lubenice različitih veličina čestica

Research background. Watermelon rind, a by-product of watermelon juice processing, contains large amounts of dietary fibre and phenols with antioxidant capacity. The use of agro-industrial by-products would both improve economic benefits and reduce environmental emissions. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of the particle size of watermelon rind powder on the quality of high-fibre pasta. Experimental approach. The nutritional, physical and physicochemical quality of three samples of watermelon rind powder, sieved through three sieves with aperture size of 400, 210 and 149 μm, were analysed. Durum wheat semolina with watermelon rind powder mass fraction of 10 % were mixed and used to make pasta. Nutritional, textural and cooking quality, sensory acceptability, in vitro glycaemic index and antioxidant bioaccessibility of high-fibre pasta with added watermelon rind powder of different particle sizes were evaluated and compared. Results and conclusions. When the sieve aperture size was reduced from 400 to 149 µm, the soluble dietary fibre and total phenolic contents of watermelon rind powder were increased by 35 and 15 %, respectively, while its insoluble dietary fibre content was decreased by 21 %. Decrease in sieve aperture size from 410 to 149 µm reduced phenolic bioaccessibility of the fortified pasta from 63 to 57 %, but enhanced its predicted glycaemic index from 50 to 69. It also decreased the pasta hardness by 13 %, but improved its elongation rate and tensile strength by 13 and 40 %, respectively. The finer the particles of the watermelon rind powder, the longer the optimal cooking time, the higher the water absorption index, and the lower the cooking loss of the supplemented pasta. Consumers did not notice any significant differences in the overall acceptability among all pasta samples. Novelty and scientific contribution. The particle size of the watermelon rind powder had a major effect on nutritional value, texture and cooking quality of the fortified pasta. In particular, the predicted glycaemic index and antioxidant bioaccessibility of high-fibre pasta were significantly affected by the particle size of the dietary fibre material used in the recipe.Pozadina istraživanja. Kora lubenice, nusproizvod prerade soka lubenice, sadržava velike količine prehrambenih vlakana i fenola s antioksidacijskim svojstvima. Korištenjem agroindustrijskih nusproizvoda poboljšala bi se ekonomska učinkovitost procesa i smanjila emisija u okoliš. Svrha je ovog istraživanja bila ispitati utjecaj veličine čestica praha kore lubenice na kakvoću tjestenine bogate vlaknima. Eksperimentalni pristup. Ispitane su nutritivna, fizikalna i fizikalno-kemijska kakvoća triju uzoraka praha kore lubenice, prosijanih kroz tri sita veličine otvora 400, 210 i 149 μm. Krupica od durum pšenice pomiješana s 10 % praha kore lubenice upotrijebljena je za izradu tjestenine. Procijenjeni su i uspoređeni sljedeći parametri: nutritivna i teksturalna kakvoća te ona nakon kuhanja, senzorska prihvatljivost, in vitro glikemijski indeks i antioksidacijska biološka raspoloživost tjestenine bogate vlaknima s dodatkom praha kore lubenice različitih veličina čestica. Rezultati i zaključci. Smanjenjem veličine otvora sita s 400 na 149 µm povećali su se udjel topljivih prehrambenih vlakana za 35 % i ukupni udjel fenola u prahu kore lubenice za 15 %, dok se udjel netopljivih prehrambenih vlakana smanjio za 21 %. Smanjenjem veličine otvora sita s 400 na 149 µm smanjila se biološka raspoloživost fenola iz obogaćene tjestenine sa 63 na 57 %, ali se njezin predviđeni glikemijski indeks povećao s 50 na 69. Također se smanjila tvrdoća tjestenine za 13 %, no poboljšala se njezina rastezljivost za 13 % i vlačna čvrstoća za 40 %. Što su čestice praha kore lubenice bile sitnije, to je dulje bilo optimalno vrijeme kuhanja, veći je bio indeks upijanja vode i manji gubitak proizvoda nastao kuhanjem. Potrošači nisu primijetili nikakve bitne razlike u ukupnoj prihvatljivosti uzoraka obogaćene tjestenine. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Veličina čestica praha kore lubenice uvelike je utjecala na nutritivnu vrijednost, teksturu i kakvoću obogaćene tjestenine nakon kuhanja. Konkretno, veličina čestica prehrambenih vlakana u materijalu korištenom u recepturi bitno je utjecala na predviđeni glikemijski indeks i antioksidacijsku biološku raspoloživost tjestenine bogate vlaknima

Input Factors Affecting of Orange Production in Tuyen Quang Province, Vietnam

Orange production in Tuyen Quang province contributed as one of the largest and most productive for the whole national yield in Viet Nam orange production. This study focused on input factors that impact the orange production in Tuyen Quang and econometric modeling of this production for further assessment. Results of this study show that three main inputs impact on orange production, including fertilizer cost, pesticides cost, and hired labor cost. Econometric models were built which were suitable for the studied population.Peer reviewe