50 research outputs found
Documentation of baseline and policy scenarios for Test Case 1
Environmental Economics and Policy,
Mobiliser les principes de l'agroécologie pour redéfinir le cadre d'analyse et d'évaluation des systÚmes ovins en zone Roquefort
Dans le Rayon Roquefort, l'intensification de la production laitiĂšre avec l'utilisation du progrĂšs gĂ©nĂ©tique de la race Lacaune a entrainĂ© une augmentation des achats d'aliments et d'intrants dans les Ă©levages. Les rĂ©sultats Ă©conomiques des Ă©levages ovins lait se retrouvent directement dĂ©pendants des prix des cĂ©rĂ©ales, des engrais et du fuel, prix en constante augmentation et de plus en plus fluctuants compte tenu d'Ă©vĂšnements climatiques extrĂȘmes de plus en plus frĂ©quents
The major characteristics of environmental policies and agro-ecological technologies to be studied in Test case 2
Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use,
Accompagner lâadaptation des systĂšmes fourragers au changement climatique : identifier des leviers dâadaptation et crĂ©er un outil pour les Ă©leveurs, les conseillers, les Ă©tudiants
International audienc
Comment redĂ©finir les performances des systĂšmes agroĂ©cologiques ? Illustration dâune dĂ©marche participative pour dĂ©finir et construire de nouveaux indicateurs ?
Valoriser la diversité fourragÚre pour produire du lait de brebis bio sur le Causse Comtal : témoignage de Romain Maurel, éleveur
R. MAUREL is a farmer on the Causse Comtal plateau, which is characterised by a fragile environment of limited farming potential. His family-run farming association (GAEC) is raising around 400 dairy sheep (of the Lacaune breed) and 100 replacement ewe lambs on 117 ha of land (comprising 20 ha of mixed cereal crops and 97 ha of pastures and rangelands). To become self-sufficient as well as to effectively and sustainable use the plateau's calcareous pastures, which are vulnerable to climatic variability, farmers must make different choices, such as limiting the intensification of livestock production, using hardy sheep breeds, preserving soil fertility, and establishing long-term pastures that contain abundant legumes. The production of organic milk and the money saved by limiting the use of concentrates ensure good economic returns. The farmer is pleased with the technical and economic efficiency of the current system, its dependability, and the peace-of-mind it brings.R. Maurel est exploitant sur le Causse, un milieu fragile et au potentiel limité. Dans ce milieu particulier, il a choisi d'inscrire son systÚme dans la lignée du systÚme ovin traditionnel, mais en améliorant son efficacité et son autonomie.
Le GAEC familial élÚve environ 400 brebis laitiÚres et 100 agnelles de renouvellement sur un foncier de 117 ha (20 ha de mélanges de céréales, 97 ha de prairies et parcours). La recherche d'autonomie et de valorisation durable de ces prairies calcaires, sensibles aux aléas climatiques, se traduit par différents choix : limiter l'intensification de l'élevage et opter pour une race ovine rustique, veiller à maintenir la fertilité des sols, implanter des prairies de longue durée riches en légumineuses... La production de lait biologique et les économies de concentrés assurent de bons résultats économiques. L'exploitant apprécie l'efficacité technique et économique du systÚme mis en place, sa régularité et la sérénité que procure sa gestion
Valoriser la diversité fourragÚre pour produire du lait de brebis bio sur le Causse Comtal : témoignage de Romain Maurel, éleveur
R. Maurel est exploitant sur le Causse, un milieu fragile et au potentiel limité. Dans ce milieu particulier, il a choisi d'inscrire son systÚme dans la lignée du systÚme ovin traditionnel, mais en améliorant son efficacité et son autonomie. Le GAEC familial élÚve environ 400 brebis laitiÚres et 100 agnelles de renouvellement sur un foncier de 117 ha (20 ha de mélanges de céréales, 97 ha de prairies et parcours). La recherche d'autonomie et de valorisation durable de ces prairies calcaires, sensibles aux aléas climatiques, se traduit par différents choix : limiter l'intensification de l'élevage et opter pour une race ovine rustique, veiller à maintenir la fertilité des sols, implanter des prairies de longue durée riches en légumineuses... La production de lait biologique et les économies de concentrés assurent de bons résultats économiques. L'exploitant apprécie l'efficacité technique et économique du systÚme mis en place, sa régularité et la sérénité que procure sa gestion
Combining the diversity of resources and farming practices to ensure resilience at different scales
International audienceThe resilience of livestock systems is confronted with many changes in the environment, the socio-technical and socio-economic systems. The diversity of resources mobilized by stakeholders is a source of resilience for livestock systems. On the one hand, to strengthen their resilience, they activate internal transformation levers. But on the other hand, they are confronted with the reality of the transformations allowed by the socio-technical systems in which they are embedded. This article describes the different elements and conclusions presented in session 37 of the Annual Conference of the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP) which took place on a virtual platform in December 2020. This work shows how multidisciplinary research and research mobilizing socio-technical, economic and even social science approaches can enrich past work on livestock systems and how they are essential for building responses adapted to the diversity of territories in order to accompany the transition of livestock farming and its resilience.La rĂ©silience des Ă©levages est confrontĂ©e Ă de nombreux changement de lâenvironnement, du systĂšme sociotechnique et socioĂ©conomique. La diversitĂ© des ressources mobilisĂ©es par les acteurs est une source de rĂ©silience pour les systĂšmes dâĂ©levage. Dâune part pour renforcer leur rĂ©silience ils activent des leviers internes de transformation. Mais dâautre part, ils se trouvent confrontĂ©s Ă la rĂ©alitĂ© des transformations permises par les systĂšmes sociotechniques dans lesquels ils sâinsĂšrent. Cet article dĂ©crit les diffĂ©rents Ă©lĂ©ments et conclusions prĂ©sentĂ©s dans la session 37 de la ConfĂ©rence Annuelle de la FĂ©dĂ©ration EuropĂ©enne de Zootechnie (EAAP) qui sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e sur une plateforme virtuelle en dĂ©cembre 2020. Ces travaux montrent comment les travaux de recherches pluridisciplinaires et ceux mobilisant des approches sociotechniques, Ă©conomiques et mĂȘme de sciences sociales permettent dâenrichir les travaux passĂ©s sur les systĂšmes dâĂ©levage et comment ils sont indispensables Ă la construction de rĂ©ponse adaptĂ© Ă la diversitĂ© des territoires afin dâaccompagner la transition de lâĂ©levage et sa rĂ©silience
Developing local protein resources in monogastric feeds to promote the agroecological transition
International audienceIn France, the intensification and specialisation of territories and farms have led to a dependence of livestock farms on the purchase of feed, particularly proteins, produced outside their territory, or even outside the country. This isparticularly the case for monogastric animals: pigs, chickens and ducks. The main protein food used for animal feed is oil cake, a co-product of the processing of soya, rape or sunflower seeds. In the hillsides of the Lauragais Tarnais,crop and livestock were formerly integrated. Now, as specialization towards cereal crop occurred, livestock farming is residual. Livestock are located on the rare grasslands (herbivores) or associated with field crop farms (monogastricanimals). However, despite a growing number of cereal-growing farms and strong crop diversification, crop and livestock are disconnected. Livestock farms and particularly those with monogastrics are strongly dependent fromimported proteins. Strengthening protein autonomy for monogastric farms at farm or region level is a strong regional issue. It is supported by the local agricultural actors, for economic and ecological reasons but also as a challenge forthe production of local quality products. It is an opportunity to initiate the agroecological transition of the region. Reconnecting crop and livestock productions implies changes for the livestock farms (e.g. rations), for crop farms (e.g.new crops, other rotations) and agri-chains (e.g. toasting soya). Identify the different levers and limits of a reconnection between crops and livestock as well as its local stakeholders could allow to strengthen protein autonomy. There is alsoa need to provide knowledge on the potentialities of the Lauragais territory in order to inform and inspire the different actors(/stakeholders ?). All that could be done through interviews with experts on livestock feeding, local expertson monogastric agri-chains and local farmers. The participatory approach will therefore be particularly important in this work to ensure the implementation of a dynamic that favours the territoryâs protein autonomy. This presentationexplores how strengthening protein autonomy on mixed crop-livestock farms in the Lauragais Tarnais contributes to the agroecological transition
IntĂ©rĂȘt de la luzerne dĂ©shydratĂ©e dans des rations complĂštes pour vaches laitiĂšres en dĂ©but de lactation
National audienceTwo trials were performed in order to study the interest of 3 kg dehydrated alfalfa (18% crude protein content, fibres of a few centimetres) in maize and grass silage diets. Multiparous dairy cows (27 Montbeliard and 27 Holstein) received complete experimental diets during the first 15 weeks of lactation. The use of 3 kg dehydrated alfalfa permitted to reduce the quantity of soybean meal without reducing the energy and crude protein in the feed supply. DM intake was increased when cows were fed alfalfa (23.4 versus 21.1 kg/d; P < 0.001). But this higher DM intake did not permit to increase milk production which was 31.1 kg/d. Milk fat content was unaffected by the dehydrated alfalfa (43.0 g/kg). Adding alfalfa increased milk protein content (31.2 versus 32.3 g/kg; P < 0.05) without changing the milk casein content. In this experiment with individually fed cows, we noticed that many dairy cows did not easily consume dehydrated alfalfa. Calculated nitrogen excretion was more important with the alfalfa diet (372 versus 321 g N/d; P < 0.001) because DM intake was higher with an inadequate N mobilisation in milk protein. At the beginning of lactation, weight and fattening score variations were unaffected by the diets. No difference was noticed for reproduction capacities. Although it is difficult to study animal health with only a few animals, added alfalfa might decrease mastitis risks by improving animal health due to the neutralisation power of alfalfa and reducing acidosis conditions.Deux essais ont Ă©tĂ© conduits afin d'Ă©tudier l'intĂ©rĂȘt de l'incorporation de 3 kg de luzerne dĂ©shydratĂ©e (18% de MAT) dans des rĂ©gimes Ă base d'ensilage d'herbe complĂ©tĂ©s par du tourteau de soja. Des vaches laitiĂšres multipares (27 MontbĂ©liardes et 27 Holstein) ont reçu des rations complĂštes durant les 15 premiĂšres semaines de lactation. En moyenne, les apports Ă©nergĂ©tiques ont Ă©tĂ© de 0,91 UFL et de 90g PDI par kg de matiĂšre sĂšche distribuĂ©e. L'utilisation de 3kg de luzerne dĂ©shydratĂ©e a permis de diminuer les quantitĂ©s de tourteau de soja tout en maintenant les mĂȘmes niveaux d'apports Ă©nergĂ©tiques et azotĂ©s. La ration de luzerne a entraĂźnĂ© une plus forte digestion (+2,3kg MS) sans modification de la production laitiĂšre (31,1kg/j) ni du taux butyreux du lait (43,0g/kg). En revanche, le taux protĂ©ique a augmentĂ© (32,3vs 31 2g/kg ; P0,05), sans modification du taux de casĂ©ine. La consommation de la luzerne a Ă©tĂ© trĂšs variable selon les vaches en fonction du temps. L'azote excrĂ©tĂ© a Ă©tĂ© plus important dans le lot consommant de la luzerne (372vs 321g N/j ; P0,001) en liaison avec l'ingestion plus importante du rĂ©gime luzerne. Au cours du dĂ©but de lactation, les variations de poids et d'Ă©tat corporel n'ont pas Ă©tĂ© influencĂ©es par le type de ration. Bien que le faible nombre d'animaux ne permette pas de conclure, il semble que l'apport de luzerne limite les risques de mammite