Evaluation of the Wadden Sea Particularly sensitive Sea Area. On behalf of the Common Wadden Sea Secretariat.

The purpose of this document is to present the high level outcomes for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the Wadden Sea PSSA, seven years after its designation by the IMO. Key changes with regard to IMO and EU shipping policy are identified and described, followed by a review of ‘expert’ opinion focused on the issues relating to PSSAs. The development of an evaluative framework and the resulting findings are introduced and discussed in context. Using existing data against this evaluative framework we conclude that six key elements require action in order to fully describe the efficacy of the designation, and our recommendations to address these concerns are presented.<br/

Contextual Factors in Post-adoption: Applying the Model of Proactive Work Behavior to the Study of End-User innovation

Research on post-adoption has proliferated and has offered insight into the antecedents that drive post-adoptive usage. Yet, much of such research has focused exclusively on instrumental belief constructs about the technology itself and related abilities and, thus, has not sufficiently examined the organizational context in which post-adoptive usage takes place. Deepening understanding of perceived contextual factors is important to gain a more holistic understanding of the use-process and to account for the fact that organizational structures play an important role in post-adoption. To address this need, this research-in-progress paper introduces the Model of Proactive Work Behavior to IS research, which enables investigating how, why, and for whom such prominent contextual factors as job autonomy drive pertinent post-adoption behaviors, like innovation. The paper hypothesizes that job autonomy increases individual innovation with IT via certain proactive cognitive-motivational states, and it ends with a brief overview of the proposed methodology and expected contributions

Integrating Trust in technology and Computer Self- Efficacy within the Post-Adoption Context: An Empirical Examination

This work in progress examines the roles that Trust in Technology (TRIT) and Computer Self-efficacy (CSE) play in predicting post-adoptive usage behavior. Under the umbrella of social cognitive theory, it uses attribution theory and the trust literature to develop an integrative model of trust and self-efficacy. Specifically, we posit that TRIT impacts users’ CSE and that these beliefs lead to post-adoptive information technology (IT) usage. To examine our model, we propose a study that brings CSE, TRIT, Deep System Usage, and Trying to Innovate with IT into a single articulated model. Using data from 372 students, we use PLS to examine the hypothesized relationships. We conclude with a discussion of findings

COPING WITH INTERRUPTIONS IN COMPUTER-MEDIATED ENVIRONMENTS: THE ROLE OF COMPUTER EXPERIENCE

In the workplace, technology can cause stress (“techno-stress”), which can erode the very productivity gains sought by theintroduction of the technology. To treat this problem, our field must gain a more complete understanding of the factors whichcause techno-stress, and of factors which may reduce technology-induced stress. This research-in-progress considers whethercomputer experience can ameliorate workplace stress caused by technology-mediated interruptions (instant messages, forexample). If computer experience is revealed to be a factor in the reduction of techno-stress in this way, inferences may bedrawn about the relationships between techno-stress, individual differences, and work conditions. By drawing upon existingresearch in psychology, we offer the hypotheses that more frequent technology-mediated interruptions cause more technostress,and that computer experience moderates those stressful effects. Ultimately, our assertions must be tested through anexperiment, which we describe in this paper

The Role of Basic Human Values in Knowledge Sharing: How Values Shape the Postadoptive Use of Electronic Knowledge Repositories

A growing body of literature examines how to elicit knowledge contributions to electronic knowledge repositories (EKRs) with the goal of helping organizations increase implementation benefits. While this literature has explained in detail the initial EKR adoption by knowledge contributors, it has not yet examined the drivers of postadoptive EKR usage for contributing knowledge. Postadoptive EKR usage, such as innovative feature use, can potentially result in richer contributions to EKRs. To aid understanding of how to unlock the benefits of EKRs for organizations, this study examines the impact of basic human values on one type of postadoptive behavior that goes well beyond basic usage: trying to innovate with EKR features. We develop a research model that integrates human values and trying to innovate with EKRs, suggesting that human values indicate modes of independent thought and action and can lead to attempts to innovate in EKR use by increasing the frequency of EKR usage. Data collected from 233 knowledge workers support the model. Our findings shed light on how to encourage innovative EKR usage and underscore the importance of human values for the success of knowledge management initiatives

Working Toward a Post-Adoptive Model (PAM): Initial Steps for a Meta-Analysis of Post-Adoptive System Use

System use is a focal concept in information systems (IS) research in light of the fact that the benefits of information systems can only be realized when people use them after adoption. In the past decade, IS researchers have attempted to enhance the conceptualizations of system use from various perspectives. Nevertheless, our understanding of post-adoptive system use still remains at the early stage and scattered. In this research, we attempt to develop an initial post-adoptive model (PAM) based on early and preliminary steps toward a meta-analysis of the system use literature in the top IS journals. These initial steps give us a starting point for a full meta-analysis of this stream of research. Moving forward, we will conduct this analysis so as to develop a picture about the status quo of existing research on post-adoptive system use. Ultimately, our goals are to begin a synthesis of existing research models and point out directions for future research in the area of post-adoptive system use

NeuroIS—Alternative or Complement to Existing Methods? Illustrating the Holistic Effects of Neuroscience and Self-Reported Data in the Context of Technostress Research

Recent research has made a strong case for the importance of NeuroIS methods for IS research. It has suggested that NeuroIS contributes to an improved explanation and prediction of IS phenomena. Yet, such research is unclear on the source of this improvement; while some studies indicate that NeuroIS constitutes an alternative to psychometrics, implying that the two methods assess the same dimension of an underlying IS construct, other studies indicate that NeuroIS constitutes a complement to psychometrics, implying that the two methods assess different dimensions of an IS construct. To clarify the role of NeuroIS in IS research and its contribution to IS research, in this study, we examine whether NeuroIS and psychometrics/psychological methods constitute alternatives or complements. We conduct this examination in the context of technostress, an emerging IS phenomenon to which both methods are relevant. We use the triangulation approach to explore the relationship between physiological and psychological/self-reported data. Using this approach, we argue that both kinds of data tap into different aspects of technostress and that, together, they can yield a more complete or holistic understanding of the impact of technostress on a theoretically-related outcome, rendering them complements. Then, we test this proposition empirically by probing the correlation between a psychological and a physiological measure of technostress in combination with an examination of their incremental validity in explaining performance on a computer-based task. The results show that the physiological stress measure (salivary alpha-amylase) explains and predicts variance in performance on the computer-based task over and above the prediction afforded by the self-reported stress measure. We conclude that NeuroIS is a critical complement to IS research

Lab Experiment and Field Experiment in the Digital Age: Friend or Foe?

The emergence of digital platforms offered new venues for quasi-controlled experimentation, e.g., MTurk, or as hosts or collaborators for field experimentation, resulting in renewed interest in experimentation as a method for understanding causal relatio