A Possible Role of Aquaporin Water Channels in Blood Cell Migration in Spleen; Interaction with Cluster of Differentiation Molecules

ABSTRACT: Aquaporins (AQPs) are molecular water channels that play important physiological roles in fluid transporting organs. The expression and function of AQPs in the immune system are largely unknown. CD11(a―d)/CD18 integrins are adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes, which play a critical role in leukocyte adhesion, migration and host defense. In the present study, we suggest that the expression of aquaporin water channels on spleen CD positive cells, and the content of CD positive splenocytes in aquaporin may regulate the migration of blood cells. Recent studies and their analysis suggested remarkably decreased monocyte/macrophage subpopulation and significantly decreased granulocyte subpopulation. This is the first hypothetical report suggesting an important role of AQP in the trafficking of hemapoietic cells. Key words: Aquaporin, Spleen, Lymphocytes, CD147, ErythrocytesDepartment of Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamilnadu, India Please Cite This Article As:Manoj G Tyagi and Premkumar Thangavelu. 2010. A Possible Role of Aquaporin Water Channels in Blood Cell Migration in Spleen; Interaction with Cluster of Differentiation Molecules. J. Exp. Sci. 1(4):41-42. &nbsp

Leaf Extract of Dillenia indica as a Source of Selenium Nanoparticles with Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Potential toward Vector Mosquitoes and Pathogenic Microbes

Chikungunya, dengue, Zika, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, filariasis, West Nile, etc. are mosquito transmitted diseases that have killed millions of people worldwide, and millions of people are at risk of these diseases. Control of the mosquitoes, such as Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, is challenging due to their development of resistance to synthetic insecticides. The habitats of the young mosquitoes are also the habitats for foodborne pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC96) and Serratia marcescens (MTCC4822). The present study was aimed at synthesizing eco-friendly green nanoparticles using Dillenia indica leaf broth and analyzing its efficacy in controlling the vector mosquitoes A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus, as well as the microbial pathogens St. aureus and Se. marcescens. The formation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNps) was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy (absorption peak at 383.00 nm), Fourier transform infrared radiation (FTIR spectrum peaks at 3177, 2114, 1614, 1502, 1340, 1097, 901, 705, and 508 cm−1), X-ray diffraction (diffraction peaks at 23.3 (100), 29.6 (101), 43.5 (012), and 50.05 (201)), and scanning electron microscopy (oval shaped). The size of the nanoparticles and their stability were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (Z-Average value of 248.0 nm) and zeta potential (−13.2 mV). The SeNps disorganized the epithelial layers and have broken the peritrophic membrane. Histopathological changes were also observed in the midgut and caeca regions of the SeNPs treated A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus larvae. The SeNps were also active on both the bacterial species showing strong inhibitory zones. The present results will explain the ability of SeNps in controlling the mosquitoes as well as the bacteria and will contribute to the development of multi potent eco-friendly compounds

Cell Based Autologous Immune Enhancement Therapy (AIET) after Radiotherapy in a Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Cervix

Radiotherapy is the primary form of treatment in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma. However for residual disease in the form of the persistent lymph nodes, surgery or chemotherapy is recommended. As surgery is not acceptable by every patient and chemotherapy has associated side effects, we hereby report the positive outcome of in vitro expanded natural killer cell and activated T lymphocyte based autologous immune enhancement therapy (AIET) for the residual lymphadenopathy in a patient with locally advanced cervical cancer after radiation. After six transfusions of AIET, there was complete resolution of residual lymph nodes and there was no evidence of local lesion. The patient also reported improvement in quality of life. As AIET has been reported as the least toxic among the available therapies for cancer, combining AIET with conventional forms of therapy in similar patients might not only improve the outcome but may also help the patients achieve a good quality of life

Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention in India: Evaluation of post-prescription review and feedback as a method of promoting optimal antimicrobial use in the intensive care units of a tertiary-care hospital

OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are effective in developed countries. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of an infectious disease (ID) physician-driven post-prescription review and feedback as an ASP strategy in India, a low middle-income country (LMIC). DESIGN AND SETTING: This prospective cohort study was carried out for 18 months in 2 intensive care units of a tertiary-care hospital, consisting of 3 phases: baseline, intervention, and follow up. Each phase spanned 6 months. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged ≥15 years receiving 48 hours of study antibiotics were recruited for the study. METHODS: During the intervention phase, an ID physician reviewed the included cases and gave alternate recommendations if the antibiotic use was inappropriate. Acceptance of the recommendations was measured after 48 hours. The primary outcome of the study was days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 study patient days (PD). RESULTS: Overall, 401 patients were recruited in the baseline phase, 381 patients were recruited in the intervention phase, and 379 patients were recruited in the follow-up phase. Antimicrobial use decreased from 831.5 during the baseline phase to 717 DOT per 1,000 PD in the intervention phase (P \u3c .0001). The effect was sustained in the follow-up phase (713.6 DOT per 1,000 PD). De-escalation according to culture susceptibility improved significantly in the intervention phase versus the baseline phase (42.7% vs 23.6%; P \u3c .0001). Overall, 73.3% of antibiotic prescriptions were inappropriate. Recommendations by the ID team were accepted in 60.7% of the cases. CONCLUSION: The ID physician-driven implementation of an ASP was successful in reducing antibiotic utilization in an acute-care setting in India

Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention in India: Evaluation of post-prescription review and feedback as a method of promoting optimal antimicrobial use in the intensive care units of a tertiary-care hospital

OBJECTIVE: Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are effective in developed countries. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of an infectious disease (ID) physician-driven post-prescription review and feedback as an ASP strategy in India, a low middle-income country (LMIC). DESIGN AND SETTING: This prospective cohort study was carried out for 18 months in 2 intensive care units of a tertiary-care hospital, consisting of 3 phases: baseline, intervention, and follow up. Each phase spanned 6 months. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged ≥15 years receiving 48 hours of study antibiotics were recruited for the study. METHODS: During the intervention phase, an ID physician reviewed the included cases and gave alternate recommendations if the antibiotic use was inappropriate. Acceptance of the recommendations was measured after 48 hours. The primary outcome of the study was days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 study patient days (PD). RESULTS: Overall, 401 patients were recruited in the baseline phase, 381 patients were recruited in the intervention phase, and 379 patients were recruited in the follow-up phase. Antimicrobial use decreased from 831.5 during the baseline phase to 717 DOT per 1,000 PD in the intervention phase (P \u3c .0001). The effect was sustained in the follow-up phase (713.6 DOT per 1,000 PD). De-escalation according to culture susceptibility improved significantly in the intervention phase versus the baseline phase (42.7% vs 23.6%; P \u3c .0001). Overall, 73.3% of antibiotic prescriptions were inappropriate. Recommendations by the ID team were accepted in 60.7% of the cases. CONCLUSION: The ID physician-driven implementation of an ASP was successful in reducing antibiotic utilization in an acute-care setting in India