A triclinic polymorph of 3-nitro­anilinium chloride

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C6H7N2O2 +·Cl−, contains two independent ion pairs. A monoclinic form of the title compound with only one ion pair in the asymmetric unit has been reported previously [Ploug-Sørensen & Andersen (1986). Acta Cryst. C42, 1813–1815]. In the crystal of the title compound, the components are linked into layers parallel to (001) by inter­molecular N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, with alternating hydro­philic and hydro­phobic regions

Investigation on Effect of Material Hardness in High Speed CNC End Milling Process

This research paper analyzes the effects of material properties on surface roughness, material removal rate, and tool wear on high speed CNC end milling process with various ferrous and nonferrous materials. The challenge of material specific decision on the process parameters of spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut, coolant flow rate, cutting tool material, and type of coating for the cutting tool for required quality and quantity of production is addressed. Generally, decision made by the operator on floor is based on suggested values of the tool manufacturer or by trial and error method. This paper describes effect of various parameters on the surface roughness characteristics of the precision machining part. The prediction method suggested is based on various experimental analysis of parameters in different compositions of input conditions which would benefit the industry on standardization of high speed CNC end milling processes. The results show a basis for selection of parameters to get better results of surface roughness values as predicted by the case study results

Factors associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccination acceptance among university students from India during the post-pandemic phase

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There was a low adherence to influenza A (H1N1) vaccination program among university students and health care workers during the pandemic influenza in many parts of the world. Vaccination of high risk individuals is one of the recommendations of World Health Organization during the post-pandemic period. It is not documented about the student's knowledge, attitude and willingness to accept H1N1 vaccination during the post-pandemic period. We aimed to analyze the student's knowledge, attitude and willingness to accept H1N1 vaccination during the post-pandemic period in India.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Vaccine against H1N1 was made available to the students of Vellore Institute of Technology, India from September 2010. The data are based on a cross-sectional study conducted during October 2010 to January 2011 using a self-administered questionnaire with a representative sample of the student population (N = 802).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 802 respondents, only 102/802 (12.7%) had been vaccinated and 105/802 (13%) planned to do so in the future, while 595/802 (74%) would probably or definitely not get vaccinated in the future. The highest coverage was among the female (65/102, 63.7%) and non-compliance was higher among men in the group (384/595; 64.5%) (p < 0.0001). The representation of students from school of Bio-sciences and Bio-technology among vaccinees is significantly higher than that of other schools. Majority of the study population from the three groups perceived vaccine against H1N1 as the effective preventive measure when compared to other preventive measures. 250/595 (42%) of the responders argued of not being in the risk group. The risk perception was significantly higher among female (p < 0.0001). With in the study group, 453/802 (56.4%) said that they got the information, mostly from media.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study shows that the vaccination coverage among university students remains very low in the post-pandemic period and doubts about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine are key elements in their rejection. Our results indicate a need to provide accessible information about the vaccine safety by scientific authorities and fill gaps and confusions in this regard.</p

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes that are common targets of luteotropin and luteolysin in primate corpus luteum: Computational exploration

Luteal insufficiency affects fertility and hence study of mechanisms that regulate corpus luteum (CL) function is of prime importance to overcome infertility problems. Exploration of human genome sequence has helped to study the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Clinical benefits of screening SNPs in infertility are being recognized well in recent times. Examining SNPs in genes associated with maintenance and regression of CL may help to understand unexplained luteal insufficiency and related infertility. Publicly available microarray gene expression databases reveal the global gene expression patterns in primate CL during the different functional state. We intend to explore computationally the deleterious SNPs of human genes reported to be common targets of luteolysin and luteotropin in primate CL Different computational algorithms were used to dissect out the functional significance of SNPs in the luteinizing hormone sensitive genes. The results raise the possibility that screening for SNPs might be integrated to evaluate luteal insufficiency associated with human female infertility for future studies. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Three-Dimensional Ternary rGO/VS₂/WS₂ Composite Hydrogel for Supercapacitor Applications

In recent years, the development of lightweight electrode materials with excellent performance (energy density versus power density) has increased the number of uses for supercapacitors. Creating three-dimensional skeletal network structures with excellent specific capacitance and high energy density is still challenging. This study utilized a straightforward one-pot hydrothermal technique to construct a supercapacitor based on hydrogel 3D skeletal networks comprising rGO nanosheets with VS2/WS2 nanoparticles. The rGO appeared as flakes and layers, interconnected in nature, allowing for more ion transport pathways and a larger active surface area for EDLC performance. The heterostructured VS2 and WS2 nanoparticles were homogeneously anchored to the rGO layers and were porous in the hydrogel structure. The functioning rGO, rGO-VS2, and rGO-VS2-WS2 composite hydrogel electrodes were created without a binder on the Ni foam current collector using a hydraulic press. The rGO-VS2-WS2 composite hydrogel electrode showed excellent supercapacitor performance of 220 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 3M KOH electrolyte, which was more than those of the GO (158 F g−1) and rGO-VS2 (199 F g−1) hydrogels under similar conditions. Hydrogel electrodes made of rGO-VS2-WS2 had a power density of 355 Whkg−1 and a high energy density of 30.55 Whkg−1. It maintained a high energy density of up to 21.11 W/kg−1, even at a high power density of 3454 W/kg−1. Given the 3D shape and the excellent surface properties of rGO nanosheets with VS2 and WS2 nanoparticles as the hydrogel, this electrode has essential properties that make it a good choice for making high-performance capacitors

Three-Dimensional Ternary rGO/VS2/WS2 Composite Hydrogel for Supercapacitor Applications

In recent years, the development of lightweight electrode materials with excellent performance (energy density versus power density) has increased the number of uses for supercapacitors. Creating three-dimensional skeletal network structures with excellent specific capacitance and high energy density is still challenging. This study utilized a straightforward one-pot hydrothermal technique to construct a supercapacitor based on hydrogel 3D skeletal networks comprising rGO nanosheets with VS2/WS2 nanoparticles. The rGO appeared as flakes and layers, interconnected in nature, allowing for more ion transport pathways and a larger active surface area for EDLC performance. The heterostructured VS2 and WS2 nanoparticles were homogeneously anchored to the rGO layers and were porous in the hydrogel structure. The functioning rGO, rGO-VS2, and rGO-VS2-WS2 composite hydrogel electrodes were created without a binder on the Ni foam current collector using a hydraulic press. The rGO-VS2-WS2 composite hydrogel electrode showed excellent supercapacitor performance of 220 F g&minus;1 at 1 A g&minus;1 in 3M KOH electrolyte, which was more than those of the GO (158 F g&minus;1) and rGO-VS2 (199 F g&minus;1) hydrogels under similar conditions. Hydrogel electrodes made of rGO-VS2-WS2 had a power density of 355 Whkg&minus;1 and a high energy density of 30.55 Whkg&minus;1. It maintained a high energy density of up to 21.11 W/kg&minus;1, even at a high power density of 3454 W/kg&minus;1. Given the 3D shape and the excellent surface properties of rGO nanosheets with VS2 and WS2 nanoparticles as the hydrogel, this electrode has essential properties that make it a good choice for making high-performance capacitors