On the Mazur--Ulam theorem in fuzzy n--normed strictly convex spaces

In this paper, we generalize the Mazur--Ulam theorem in the fuzzy real n-normed strictly convex spaces.Comment: 7 page

The effects of long-term total parenteral nutrition on gut mucosal immunity in children with short bowel syndrome: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is defined as the malabsorptive state that often follows massive resection of the small intestine. Most cases originate in the newborn period and result from congenital anomalies. It is associated with a high morbidity, is potentially lethal and often requires months, sometimes years, in the hospital and home on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Long-term survival without parenteral nutrition depends upon establishing enteral nutrition and the process of intestinal adaptation through which the remaining small bowel gradually increases its absorptive capacity. The purpose of this article is to perform a descriptive systematic review of the published articles on the effects of TPN on the intestinal immune system investigating whether long-term TPN induces bacterial translocation, decreases secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA), impairs intestinal immunity, and changes mucosal architecture in children with SBS. METHODS: The databases of OVID, such as MEDLINE and CINAHL, Cochran Library, and Evidence-Based Medicine were searched for articles published from 1990 to 2001. Search terms were total parenteral nutrition, children, bacterial translocation, small bowel syndrome, short gut syndrome, intestinal immunity, gut permeability, sepsis, hyperglycemia, immunonutrition, glutamine, enteral tube feeding, and systematic reviews. The goal was to include all clinical studies conducted in children directly addressing the effects of TPN on gut immunity. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies were identified. These 13 studies included a total of 414 infants and children between the ages approximately 4 months to 17 years old, and 16 healthy adults as controls; and they varied in design and were conducted in several disciplines. The results were integrated into common themes. Five themes were identified: 1) sepsis, 2) impaired immune functions: In vitro studies, 3) mortality, 4) villous atrophy, 5) duration of dependency on TPN after bowel resection. CONCLUSION: Based on this exhaustive literature review, there is no direct evidence suggesting that TPN promotes bacterial overgrowth, impairs neutrophil functions, inhibits blood's bactericidal effect, causes villous atrophy, or causes to death in human model. The hypothesis relating negative effects of TPN on gut immunity remains attractive, but unproven. Enteral nutrition is cheaper, but no safer than TPN. Based on the current evidence, TPN seems to be safe and a life saving solution

ON THE STUDY OF HILBERT-TYPE INEQUALITIES WITH MULTI-PARAMETERS: A SURVEY

Abstract. In this paper, we provide a short account of the study of Hilbert-type inequalities during the past almost 100 years by introducing multi-parameters and using the method of weight coefficients. A basic theorem of Hilbert-type inequalities with the homogeneous kernel of −λ−degree and parameters is proved

General Cubic-Quartic Functional Equation

We obtain the general solution and the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability of the general cubic-quartic functional equation for fixed integers k with ≠0,±1: (+)+(−)=2((+)+(−))+2(1−2)()+((4−2)/4)((2)−8())+(2)−16(), where ()∶=()+(−)

Journal of a missionary voyage to New Guinea / by A.W. Murray and S. Macfarlane.

Electronic reproduction. Canberra, A.C.T. : National Library of Australia, 2011