English as a Foreign Language Teachers’ Motivation: An Activity Theory Perspective

Drawing upon Activity Theory, this mixed-methods study explored L2 teachers’ (de)motivation factors, motivation change, and voice in adopting strategies that could motivate L2 teachers. Semi-structured interviews, a motivational timeline diagram, and a researcher-developed scale were used to collect data from 226 in-service L2 teachers. The interview data collected from 15 participants were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA Analytics Pro version 12.3. Individual participants’ motivational timelines were also carried over into a collective diagram to illustrate motivational trajectories. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data collected from 211 teachers. The findings identified a number of (de)motivation factors and indicated that L2 teachers experienced changes in their motivation due to some primary and secondary level contradictions in their motivational activity systems. Moreover, L2 teachers’ commitment to their profession revealed the significant role of teachers’ beliefs and agency in resolving those contradictions. The theoretical and practical implications of the study were accordingly discussed

Letter from Robert P. Teymour to My Dear Colonel. 18 February 1868

Letter sent from Brashear City, Louisiana; regarding Radicalism, recent news of acquaintances, shared prison experience during war on Johnson\u27s Island.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/ciwar_corresp/1336/thumbnail.jp

Strategies to Improve Medication Compliance in Adult Patients with Hypertension: A Literature Review

Background: Hypertension affects nearly one-third of adults globally, standing as a major cause of cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and heart attack (World Health Organization, 2021). Many patients rely on daily medications to control their hypertension. However, effective management is crucial, yet medication adherence remains a significant challenge, with non-adherence rates ranging from 7.1% to 66.2% (Márquez Contreras et al., 2019). In response to this challenge, various strategies have been developed and tested to improve medication compliance among hypertensive patients. These strategies include patient education, reminder systems, simplified medication regimens, and digital health interventions. Despite these efforts, achieving consistent adherence remains an ongoing struggle. Objective: The purpose of this review is to evaluate various interventions for managing hypertension in existing literature to determine the most effective strategy for improving medication compliance in adult patients

Theory of two point correlation function in a Vlasov plasma

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1981.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.Includes bibliographical references.by Teymour Boutros-Ghali.Ph.D

Comparison of the effect of low level laser therapy with alvogyl on the management of alveolar osteitis

Background: This study investigated the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for managing alveolar osteitis (AO). Material and Methods: Sixty patients with alveolar osteitis of mandibular third molars were randomly divided into three groups. In group 1, socket irrigation was followed by alvogyl placement, and the treatment was repeated 48 hours later. In group 2, socket was irradiated with a low power red laser for 3 consecutive days (200 mW, 30 seconds on each of the buccal and lingual surfaces and 30 seconds at the middle of the socket, 6 J per area). The subjects in group 3 underwent treatment with a low power infrared laser with the same parameters as group 2. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to record the degree of pain at the morning (T0, before intervention) and at 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) hours later for 3 days. Results: Pain was significantly lower in the alvogyl group than the other groups at T1 and T2 points on day 1 and at T0 and T1 points on day 2 ( p <0.05). At T2 point on day 2 and on day 3, VAS became significantly lower in the red laser group compared to the other groups ( p <0.05). The infrared laser was not more efficacious than the other groups at any of the treatment intervals, but it reduced VAS to an acceptable level. Conclusions: LLLT displayed good results in this study for treatment of alveolar osteitis and should be further investigated as an alternative to alvogyl for AO management

Evaluation of evapotranspiration coefficient and daily crop reference evapotranspiration in a semi-arid region based on field water balance and FAO method

Precise estimation of daily crop reference evapotranspiration and crop coefficients (K c) is required for determining crop water use in order to practice proper irrigation management. Crop coefficients, which have been presented for most crops by FAO based on four crop stages (initial, development, middle, and late) are affected by many factors including soil moisture, growing degree days (GDD) and leaf area index (LAI). Therefore, the above-mentioned factors have to be considered in estimating these values. The purpose of this study was evolution of crop coefficients for sugar beet crop based on field water balance and FAO method through measuring soil moisture variation, and evaluating reference ET by FAO-penman-monteith equation in a semi-arid region. Crop coefficient curves and various mathematical relationships were developed for growth period to estimate the crop coefficient for this crop. The K c values during the growing season was 0.59, 1.19 and 0.85 for initial, mid and end stage respectively. The K c ini that was estimated with field water balance method was greater than FAO method but K c mid, K c end were lesser than FAO method over the growth season

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برنامه ریزی اقتصادی ومدلسازی در بازار نفت با توجه به مفهوم "تجدید ناپذیری" و قریبالوقوع بودن ورود تکنولوژی رقیب نفت و"تخلیه اقتصادی" آن اهمیت روز افزون دارد. با توجه به لزوم سیاستگذاری بهینه در تولید نفت ، این بررسی با هدف دستیابی به مسیر بهینه تولید نفت حوزه نقتی مورد نظر از یک مدل ماکزیمم سازی منافع با قیود و ملاحظات فنی تولید استفاده میکند. مسئله بهینهیابی تصریح شده با استفاده از برنامه رایانهای طراحی شده در نرم افزارMATLAB وشرایط اولیه متغیرها و سطوح توسعه مورد انتظار تولید برای حوزه نفتی حل شده و مسیر های بهینه حاصل در چند سناریو برای دوره 1425-1365 شبیه سازی و تحلیل شده است. نتایج بررسی حاکی است، صرفنظر از تفاوت در سناریوها به لحاظ نرخ تنزیل یا دوره برنامهریزی، مسیرهای بهینه تولید نفت و تزریق گاز فاصله قابل توجهی با مقادیر تحقق یافته دارد. این نتایج را میتوان فقدان برنامهریزی اقتصادی در تولید نفت میدان و استفاده بهینه از منابع گازی در تولید صیانتی آن قلمداد کرد