A shilling for candles

255 hal.; 18 cm

Brat farrar. t.V

104 tr. ; 21 cm

The singing sands/ Tey

192 hal.; 18 cm

Mapping of γ/δ T cells reveals Vδ2+ T cells resistance to senescenceResearch in context

Background: Immune adaptation with aging is a major of health outcomes. Studies in humans have mainly focus on αβ T cells while γδ T cells have been neglected despite their role in immunosurveillance. We investigated the impact of aging on γδ T cell subsets phenotypes, functions, senescence and their molecular response to stress. Methods: Peripheral blood of young and old donors in Singapore have been used to assess the phenotype, functional capacity, proliferation capacity and gene expression of the various γδ T cell subsets. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from apheresis cones and young donors have been used to characterize the telomere length, epigenetics profile and DNA damage response of the various γδ T cell subsets phenotype. Findings: Our data shows that peripheral Vδ2+ phenotype, functional capacity (cytokines, cytotoxicity, proliferation) and gene expression profile are specific when compared against all other αβ and γδ T cells in aging. Hallmarks of senescence including telomere length, epigenetic profile and DNA damage response of Vδ2+ also differs against all other αβ and γδ T cells. Interpretation: Our results highlight the differential impact of lifelong stress on γδ T cells subsets, and highlight possible mechanisms that enable Vδ2+ to be resistant to cellular aging. The new findings reinforce the concept that Vδ2+ have an “innate-like” behavior and are more resilient to the environment as compared to “adaptive-like” Vδ1+ T cells. Keywords: Gamma Delta T cells, Immunosenescence, Innate Immunity, Immunobiology, Aging, Cellular Senescenc

Epidemiology of Chronic Pruritus: Where Have We Been and Where Are We Going?

Between 23 and 44 million Americans are estimated to suffer from chronic pruritus in the setting of both cutaneous and systemic conditions. Patients with chronic pruritus suffer extreme detriment to their ability to function, including but not limited to deranged sleep patterns, mood disturbances, increased levels of anxiety and depression, and reduced levels of overall quality of life. Indeed, chronic pruritus is now known to be as debilitating as chronic pain. For these reasons, chronic pruritus represents a serious public health concern that must be adequately addressed by clinicians. We present an up-to-date summary of the epidemiology of chronic itch in different cutaneous and systemic conditions. While we have endeavored to discuss some of the most common causes of chronic pruritus, this review does not encompass all of the myriad different diseases in which chronic pruritus can occur