Reflection on a model of accident reporting to help to implement efficient prevention strategies

International audienceIn our modern societies, socio-technological systems and human system interactions are taking on a large part in numerous domains such as health, control of risk, people safety, communication, information technologies, and so on. In order to manage such systems, it is necessary to put in place the most relevant actions and indicators. To facilitate decision making in various fields, such as people safety and risk management, the use of appropriate model and the definition of indicators are needed in order to deliver the relevant action plan especially to control occupational accidents. The aim of the article is to present our approach to analyze the classical Heinrich's model of occupational accidents and the classical safety indicator based on conventional frequency rate of lost time accident. Then we demonstrate their limits in order to define efficient prevention strategies

How to define and use safety indicators to implement an efficient prevention policy

International audienceIn our modern societies, socio-technological systems and human system interactions are taking on a large part in numerous domains such as health, control of risk, people safety, communication, information technologies, and so on. In order to manage such systems, it is necessary to put in place the most relevant indicators. To facilitate decision making in various fields such as people safety and risk management, the definition of indicators generated by such systems is needed in order to deliver the appropriate action plan especially to control occupational accidents. The aim of the article is to present our approach to analyze and define this category of new indicators

Using Indicators for System Complex Safety

International audienceIn our modern societies, technological systems are taking on a large part in numerous domains such as automatic control, calculation, communication, information technologies, etc. They are put in place in more and more fields e.g. production, defense, national security, space, etc. These very important developments are offering new possibilities such as distributed cooperative and concurrent decision making based on complex dynamic systems or on advanced simulation capacities. To facilitate decision making in various fields such as transport, energy or even risk management, it is necessary to define indicators generated by such systems in order to deliver engineers or managers an image of the considered object and it's evolution. This image must be coherent, reliable and sustainable in order to participate at the decision in a complex sociotechnical environment. The aim of the article is to present our approach to define this category of new indicators

Apports de l'analyse de la conformité légale, de l'analyse des risques et du climat de sécurité à la construction de la culture de sécurité

Dans le domaine de la protection de la Santé et de la Sécurité au Travail (SST), les entreprises cherchent à améliorer la maîtrise des risques. Cela se traduit depuis des années par la mise en place de systèmes de management de la sécurité (SMS). Ce sont des dispositifs de gestion, combinant personnes, politiques et moyens, visant à améliorer les performances d'une entreprise en matière de SST (INRS, 2005). Les SMS constituent ainsi un cadre de gestion globale et structurée des risques basés sur le respect de référentiels existants (ILO/OHSAS par exemple).Le SMS est constitué de différentes étapes ou processus et notamment celui de l'évaluation des risques. Les entreprises ont ainsi déployées différents outils pour répondre à cette exigence du SMS. L'évaluation des risques professionnels et l'évaluation de la conformité réglementaire sont parmi les outils les plus répandus dans les entreprises françaises car ils répondent aux attentes de la plupart des SMS mais aussi de la réglementation (En France l'évaluation des risques professionnels est obligatoire). Cet article sera découpé en trois parties. La première partie revient sur le concept de la culture de sécurité en abordant les repères conceptuels et théoriques. La seconde partie décrit le modèle de la maîtrise de la conformité légale et le modèle d'évaluation des risques professionnels et propose un système de modèles étudiant les relations entre chaque composante (nature des relations, force des relations ainsi que les différents feedback). Enfin, la troisième partie détaille les résultats de l'expérimentation conduite en 2011 sur une entreprise française. L'expérimentation permet d'évaluer les relations existantes entre les modèles et les résultats de l'expérimentation sont discutés et analysés

New Balanced Scorecard leading indicators to monitor performance variability in OHS management systems

International audienceWhile it has been established for many years that the management of Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) is carried out by means of management systems, the question of how to measure the performance and control of these systems is still current. Uncertainties related to their operation and the difficulty of gathering information about their level of performance makes control of performance variability a challenge. This article addresses this problem. It is in three parts. The first part outlines the general context. It describes traditional health and safety indicators, the links between processes in management systems and establishes the requirements of resilience engineering. An advanced indicators model is proposed. The second part describes the Balanced Scorecard tool. An Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Balanced Scorecard model is built using the control of regulatory compliance subprocess. The final part presents some specific examples of compliance control indicators, which are the results of an experiment carried out in a French aerospace company

Does the management of regulatory compliance and occupational risk have an impact on safety culture?

International audienceCompanies try to improve risk management in the field of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). In recent years this has translated into the introduction of safety management systems (SMS). These management tools bring together personnel, policies and resources aimed at improving the performance of a company in the area of OHS. SMS provide a structured, global framework for risk management based on compliance with existing repositories. An SMS consists of various stages or processes, notably concerned with the management of regulatory compliance and risk analysis. Various tools are deployed in order to meet these SMS requirements. At the same time, the concept of safety culture has progressively taken hold in organizations. The idea has numerous benefits and can contribute to a reduction in occupational accidents and illness. However, these benefits are presented as self-evident facts which have not really been tested and proven. It is therefore appropriate to study the nature and strength of relationships between safety culture and two explanatory variables; namely compliance management and risk assessment. In other words, it is necessary to assess the respective contributions of these two variables to the creation, deployment and running of safety culture within a company. This paper is organized into three parts. The first part describes the definition of safety culture and looks at its various components as described in the literature. The second part presents ways to model the processes of regulatory compliance, risk assessment and safety climate and provides a further, descriptive model that uses common variables to identify the relationships between these three components in terms of nature and degree. Finally, the third section details the results of an experiment carried out in a company. The experiment demonstrates the deployment of models to evaluate the interactions between components, and its results are discussed and analysed

Occupational Health and Safety Scorecards : New leading indicators improve risk management and regulatory compliance

International audienceWhile it has been established for many years that the management of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is carried out by means of Management Systems, the question of how to measure the performance and the control of these systems is still current. The first part of the article addresses the issue of the traditional indicators identified in the literature. Once defined, their contribution and limitations are discussed. Next, the general concept of Balanced Scorecards is described, along with a survey of the work that has been carried out in the OHS domain. Finally, an example from the aeronautic and aerospace industry is used to illustrate the Balanced Scorecards model. It integrates leading management indicators for two particularly interesting sub-processes of a Management System; namely, the supervision of regulatory compliance and risk management

Safety properties modelling

International audienceIn critical applications regarding safety, a solution must be validated before it is applied on the field. It is forbidden to test solutions directly on the real system for safety reasons. Any attempt of modification or introduction of a safety system must be approached with the utmost care. The proposed solutions must be validated, and, if possible, formally validated. It is the case of prevention systems for accidents, installed on highways. They also are in charge of gathering information in the case of an accident actually occurring. In this context, we aim to provide an approach to validate the behaviour of a critical system before its effective realisation. The system is modelled by a combination of agents spread around the world and working together in real-time. The agents' behaviour is modelled via an UML SysML model. Thanks to the tools available in the TTool environment and the ones developed only for this purpose, we can animate those agents and confirm, or not, their behaviour on various test situations (applications' rapid prototyping). Since the tests are not covering all the possibilities, we move to, then, verify formally the critical properties. This formal analysis is made possible by the mathematical grounds of the tool we use. The analysed properties are mainly safety properties; results regarding performance results are available as well

The Contribution of Balanced Scorecards to the Management of Occupational Health and Safety

International audienceWhile it has been established for many years that the management of occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is carried out by means of Management Systems, the question of how to measure the performance and the control of these systems is still current. This article addresses this problem, and discusses the contribution of the use of advanced indicators integrated into a Balanced Scorecard. Traditionally, the performance indicators used to measure the performance of Management Systems are: the frequency and severity of absences due to sickness, and work-related diseases. These traditional, retrospective indicators have several constraints and limitations which include the fact that they are based on historical results and cannot be used proactively to handle anomalous situations. The use of the concept of the Balanced Scorecard (Kaplan & Norton, 1996) applied to the field of OHS management responds in part to deficiencies identified in the sole use of traditional OHS indicators. A case study of the OHS Balanced Scorecard applied to two key health and safety management processes (regulatory compliance and risk management) is described as part of an experiment with a company in the aerospace sector