Carcass characteristics and organ weights of broiler chickens fed varying inclusion levels of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peel products-based diets

The effect of feeding four cassava peel products -based diets on carcass characteristics and organ weights of broiler chickens were investigated with 455, 10-day old Ross 308 broiler chickens randomly divided into thirteen groups of 35 birds each. Each group was replicated five times and a replicate comprised seven chicks. The design was 1+ (4 x 3) augmented factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets were sundried cassava peel meal (SCPM), coarse cassava peel mash (CCPM), whole cassava peel mash (WCPM) and fine cassava peel mash (FCPM) each at three dietary inclusion levels to replace maize at 20, 40 and 60%, while the control diet was a maize-based diet. The diets were fed ad libitum to the respective grower (10-24 days) and finisher (25-46 days) experimental chickens. Results showed no significant effect (p>0.05) of feeding chickens with cassava peel-based diets on carcass primal cuts and internal offals except breast meat and spleen. Breast meat yield (24.90%) of chicks on maize-based diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than others. Effect of interaction of cassava peel products and inclusion levels on eviscerated weight and breast weight was significant (p<0.05). The eviscerated weight (80.86%) and breast meat yield (24.90%) of chickens on control were higher (p<0.05). In conclusion, replacement of up to 60% dietary maize with cassava peel products had similar effect on broiler carcass yield and productivity but breast yield. Also, further processing of WCPM to FCPM and CCPM did not confer any advantage on chick productivity. Keywords: Cassava peel, Internal offal, External offal, High-Quality Cassava Peel, Carcass yiel

Effects of β-carotene biofortified cassava grits (Mahihot esculenta Crantz) based-diets on retinol bioavailability and performance of broiler chicks

The B-carotene content of five cassava varieties and products as well as B-carotene bioavailability in cassava grit from TMS 01/1371 were undertaken using 240 one-day old Arbor acre broiler strain randomly divided into eight groups of 30 birds each. Each group comprised a triplicate of 10 birds each assigned in a completely randomized design. The eight dietary treatments were: Diets 1 and 8 had yellow and white maize respectively as the main energy source, while diets 2, 3 and 4 had maize replaced with cassava grit from TMS 01/1371 at 25%, 50% and 75%. Diets 5, 6 and 7 also had the maize contents similarly replaced with 25%, 50% and 75% grits from TME 419 respectively. Yellow maize, white maize, grits from TME 419 and TMS 01/1371 contained 238.33, 13.33, 6.67 and 108.33. B-carotene in the peeled fresh tuber of TMS 01/1412 (468.33), unpeeled fresh tuber (425.00), dried peeled tuber (391.67) and dried unpeeled cassava (323.33) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the corresponding values in TMS 01/1371 (416.67, 371.67, 311.67 and 283.33) and TMS 01/1368 (401.67, 350.00, 295.00 and 258.33). TME 419 cassava and products (peeled fresh tuber, unpeeled fresh tuber, dried peeled tuber and dried unpeeled tuber, garri, garri flour, grit, grit flour, peeling, peels and leaves) contained significantly lower (P < 0.05) levels of B-carotene. The FCR of chicks on diet 1 (1.50) was lowest (P < 0.05) while those on diet 8 (2.24) was highest. The main and interactive effects of cassava varieties and inclusion levels of grits on all indices of performance were significantly different (P < 0.05). Dietary B-carotene only correlated negatively with grits inclusion levels (P < 0.05) from TMS 01/1371 (r = 0.40). The B-carotene content of the diets when related to the inclusion levels of grits from TMS 01/1371 were both significantly negative linearly and quadratically. Regression equations were: (1) Y = 15.333 – 0.0530x (R2 = 0.16); (2) Y = 13.667 + 0.147x – 0.003x2 (R2 = 0.36) Conclusively, processing methods adopted in this study reduced B-carotene content of cassava grits which may have affected the bioavailability of retinoic acid in broiler chicks’

Toxicidad de la yuca sobre la tiroides animal

En IDL-682

Thyroid cassava Toxicity in animals

Meeting: Cassava, Toxicity and Thyroid: Research and Public Health Issues, 31 May- 2 June 1982, Ottawa, ON, CAIn IDL-702

Toxicité thyroïdienne du manioc chez les animaux

Dans IDL-668

Utilisation des épluchures de manioc dans les rations des volailles

Dans IDL-1152

ALTERNATIVE TROPICAL ENERGY FEED RESOURCES IN RABBIT DIETS : GROWTH PERFORMANCE, DIET'S DIGESTIBILITY AND BLOOD COMPOSITION

[EN] The grain replacement value in rabbit diets of three tropical alternativa feed resources, namely maize offal (MO), unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM) and cassava peel meal (CPM) was investigated in a ten week feeding tria! with growing rabbits, in comparison with maize. The introduction ratas were 30.8% of the diets, and the initial age of the 24 rabbits was 5-6 week. The criteria for assessment were growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood composition at the end of the experimental period. Average daily gain and daily feed intake of the rabbits variad from 13.0 g on CPM diet to 14.2 g on MO diet, and 60. 7 g on UCRM diet to 71.4 g on CPM diet respectively. However, both MO and CPM were significantly consumad (P < 0.05) more than the other diets. Feed conversion and protein efficiency ratios were significantly inferior (P < 0.05) on CPM diet than on others. The dry matter, cruda protein, gross energy, ether extract and cruda fibra digestibilities were numerically highest in the control diet, but statistically comparable for rabbits on UCRM diet; both were however significantly higher (P < 0.05) than records for rabbits fed on MO and CPM basad diets. The analysed blood parameters showed the rabbits fed on the control diet to be superior in haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, red and white cells numbers. The mean corpuscular volumes and mean corpuscular haemoglobin were highest in the cassava root diet followed by cassava peel basad diet, while the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration values were statistically similar in all the diets. Serum total protein variad between 6. 75 g/100 mi in rabbits fed on maize offal to 5.81g/100 mi on cassava roots without any significant difference. A similar pattern was repeated for albumin and globulin fractions. Both creatinine and uric acid concentrations were respectively uniform amongst the rabbits on different treatments. However, a significantly lower (P < 0.05) level of urea-nitrogen was determinad in the serum of rabbits fed on cassava peel diet. Serum glucosa level ranged between 125 mg/100 mi in rabbits fed on the control diet to 192 mg/100 mi for their counterparts on cassava roots diet showing a significantly lower content (P < 0.05) on the control and cassava peel basad dietary treatments. Cholesterol values were statistically higher (P < 0.05) in rabbits on the control and cassava roots diets than on the 2 others which have a higher fiber content.[FR] Cette étude, conduite sur 1 O semaines, a pour but de déterminer, pour l'alímentation des lapins, la valeur de trois matieres premieres tropicales (son de mai"s : MO • racines de manioc non pelées : UCRM et pelures de manioc : CPM) comparatívement a ce/le du mai"s. Les taux d'incorporation dans les alíments étaient de 30,8 %, et les 24 lapereaux étaient ~gés de 5-6 semaines au début de l'essai. Les criteres d'évaluation retenus sont les performances de croissance, la digestibilité et la composition sanguine en fin d'expérience. La croissance moyenne journalíere a varié de 13, O g pour le régime contenant les pelures de manioc, a 14,2 g pour le régime a base de son de mai"s ; la consommation journaliere moyenne a varié de 60, 7 g pour le régime racines de manioc non pelées, a 71,4 g pour le régime pelures de manioc. De plus, les régimes son de mai"s et pelures de manioc ont été significativement plus consommés (P<0,05) que les 2 autres. L'indice de consomation et l'efficacité protidique ont été significativement dégradés (P<0,05) avec le régime pelures de manioc comparativement aux autres régimes. La digestibilité de la matiere sache, des protéines brutes, de l'énergie, des matieres grasses et des fibres étaient plus élevés dans le régime témoin mais statistiquement comparable pour le régime racines de manioc non pelées. Les régimes son de mai"s et pelure de manioc ont conduit a des digestibilités significativement plus faibles (P<0,05). Les analyses sanguines montrent des taux d'hématocrite, d'hémoglobine, de globules rouges et blancs, supérieurs pour le régime témoin. Les volumes cellulaires moyens et les taux moyens d'hémoglobine cellulaire étsient supérieurs avec le régime contenant les racines de manioc, suivi par le régime contenant les pelures de manioc, et similaires pour les deux autres. Les protéines sériques totales ont varié de 6,75 g/100ml pour le régime son de mai"s, a 5,81 g/100ml pour le régime racines de manioc, mais les différences n'étaient pas significatives. Les memes tendances sont a noter pour les taux d'albumine et de globuline sériques. Les taux de créatinine et d'acide urique sont les memes pour tous les régimes. Toutefois un taux d'azote uréique siqnificativement plus bas (P<0,05) a été observé dans le serum des lapins nourris avec les pelures de manioc. Le taux de glucose sérique a varié entre 125 mg/1 OOml pour le régime témoin et 192 ml/1 OOml pour le ré{Jime racines de manioc, avec un taux signíficativement faible pour le régime témoin et celui a base de pelures de manioc. Le taux de cholestérol est statistiquement plus élevé pour les lapins recevant le régime témoin et le régime a base de racines de manioc non pelées comparatívement aux 2 autres régimes plus riches en fibres.Onifade, A.; Tewe, O. (1993). ALTERNATIVE TROPICAL ENERGY FEED RESOURCES IN RABBIT DIETS : GROWTH PERFORMANCE, DIET'S DIGESTIBILITY AND BLOOD COMPOSITION. World Rabbit Science. 01(1). doi:10.4995/wrs.1993.191SWORD01

Determining the metabolizable energy value of high quality cassava peels in roosters by a regression method

The metabolizable energy of high quality cassava peel (HQCP) - a by-product of cassava processing, was investigated in thirty-two 27 weeks old ISA brown roosters (2118.75 ± 255.82 g). High quality cassava peel was obtained from the International Livestock Research Institute, Moniya, Ibadan, and incorporated in a corn-soybean meal grower diet at 5, 10 and 15% of the diet in substitution for glucose monohydrate to create the experimental diets; HQCP-0, HQCP-5, HQCP-10, and HQCP-15, respectively and titanium dioxide included at 0.5% as an inert marker. Roosters were placed in metabolic cages (2 roosters/cage, 4 cages/treatment) and fed the experimental diets for 10 days. Excreta was collected during the last 3 days, dried at 55°C and analyzed for dry matter, nitrogen, gross energy and titanium. Feed consumption was calculated, and nitrogen and energy utilization estimated. The metabolizable energy of the HQCP was estimated as the slope of the regression of metabolizable energy of the diets corrected for glucose contribution, against the inclusion rate of HQCP in the experimental diets. No significant (p &gt; 0.05) treatment effect was observed for feed intake and weight changes of the roosters as well as nitrogen and energy retention. However, apparent metabolizable value of the diets declined significantly (p &lt; 0.05) at 15% inclusion level of HQCP. Linear regression analysis (p &lt; 0.001, r2 = 0.90) showed that the metabolizable energy value of high quality cassava peel used in the study was 2.117 ± 0.103 kcal/g for 27 weeks old roosters