電子ジャーナリズムの可能性に関する考察 : 単純化から複雑化への技法転換について

　IT革命の進行によって、大衆社会におけるメディアは大きな変革期を迎えている。これにより、既製の新聞やテレビが担ってきたジャーナリズムの機能と役割はどのように変化するか。この稿では、新しく登場しつつある電子新聞に着目し、そのジャーナリズムとしての可能性を追求した。特に、事象(ファクト)を伝える既製の新聞、テレビの方法がもつ物理的な限界と電子新聞の新しい方法論を比較分析した。電子新聞は、記事作成の技法を従来の単純化から複雑化へと180度転換させることにより、電子ジャーナリズムの新しい方法論と可能性を広げることを論述した。On account of the world wide development of the Information Technology, Our contemporary society, as a mass society, is faced with a large exchange of the media system. Because of this, the work and role of the Journalism bored by established Newspapers and Television broad castings are changing. On this paper, I tried to investigate the possibility of new Journalism appropriate to the new century, focused on Online-Journalism now rising through the Internet. News informs various facts of our society to a reader or audience, but because of the physical limit of the space and time, the technique for writing articles adopts a simplification of the fact. However, Online-Journal has no limit of space. You could able to write articles as you like, and reader could choice online articles according to their tastes and necessities. I have argued, on this paper, concerning about editorial technique, and it should change quite contrarily, that is, Simplification to Complication. Throuhgh these change of editorial technigue, we might be able to understand the exact fact of our contemporary society than ever

米国世論に現れた日本「Misanthropic Orson」（人間嫌いの小熊） : ペリー日本遠征をめぐる米国ジャーナリズムの論争

江戸末期に来航したペリー艦隊の軍事力によって日本は開国し、幕末維新の動乱の歴史が始まった。このとき米国世論は、ペリー艦隊の日本遠征をどのように見ていたのか。また米国民の日本観はどのようなものだったのか。この論文は当時の米国の代表的な新聞や雑誌の論調から、ペリーの日本遠征の賛否をめぐる動向世論とジャーナリズムはどのような曲折をへてペリー艦隊の日本遠征をバックアップしたかを論述した。Japan had opened the country to foreign intercourse by the force of Commodore Perry. Japan had been behind its curtain of self-imposed isolation for more than hundreds of years, when Perry's armed ship appeared to Edo Bay. This monograph states on American journalism and public opinion, when the project of Perry's expedition to Japan had opened to the newspaper. Newspapers and magazines edited special feature editions and debated on this news story. New York Dairy Times（New York Times）opposed Perry's mission, but the Express approved theproject strongly

Evaluation of automated measurement of left ventricular volume by novel real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic system: Validation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 2-dimensional echocardiography

AbstractBackgroundTraditional 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) with volumetric scanning technique requires several heart cycles for full-volume acquisition and complicated manual contouring of left ventricular (LV) endocardium. The new real-time 3DE (RT3DE) system allows acquisition of an instantaneous full-volume dataset in a single heart cycle and automated measurement of LV volume by the algorithm software. However, it has not been evaluated adequately whether automated measurement by RT3DE has better agreement with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) than 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) with CMR.PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of automated measurement of LV volume using RT3DE compared with 2DE and CMR.Methods and resultsForty-four consecutive patients who underwent RT3DE, 2DE, and CMR were evaluated in this study. The feasibility of automated measurement by RT3DE was 93.2% and the mean operation time was 6min. LV volume and ejection fraction (EF) from semi-automated measurement [end-diastolic volume: r=0.96, limits of agreement (LOA) −30.5 to 39.3ml; end-systolic volume: r=0.97, LOA −22.6 to 32.7ml; EF: r=0.90, LOA −16.1 to 14.2%, respectively] had better agreement with CMR than those from 2DE (r=0.87, LOA −50.5 to 72.2ml; r=0.93, LOA −34.1 to 65.2ml; r=0.89, LOA −20.9 to 10.0%, respectively).ConclusionSemi-automated measurement by RT3DE has better agreement with CMR than 2DE in LV volume and EF. In addition, it is simple to operate and acceptable in feasibility for the clinical setting although there may be room for further learning required to incorporate small hypertrophic LV into the automated algorithm software

Novel prospective umbrella-type lung cancer registry study for clarifying clinical practice patterns: CS-Lung-003 study protocol

Introduction Conventional cancer registries are suitable for simple surveillance of cancer patients, including disease frequency and distribution, demographics, and prognosis; however, the collected data are inadequate to clarify comprehensively diverse clinical questions in daily practice. Methods We constructed an umbrella‐type lung cancer patient registry (CS‐Lung‐003) integrating multiple related prospective observational studies (linked studies) that reflect clinical questions about lung cancer treatment. The primary endpoint of this registry is to clarify daily clinical practice patterns in lung cancer treatment; a key inclusion criterion is pathologically diagnosed lung cancer. Under this registry, indispensable clinical items are detected in advance across all active linked studies and gathered prospectively and systematically to avoid excessive or insufficient data collection. Researchers are to input information mutually, irrespective of the relevance to each researcher's own study. Linked studies under the umbrella of the CS‐Lung‐003 registry will be updated annually with newly raised clinical questions; some linked studies will be newly created, while others will be deleted after the completion of the analysis. Enrollment began in July 2017. Discussion We successfully launched the umbrella‐type CS‐Lung‐003 registry. Under this single registry, researchers collaborate on patient registration and data provision for their own and other studies. Thus, the registry will produce results for multiple domains of study, providing answers to questions about lung cancer treatment raised by other researchers. Through such analysis of each linked study, this registry will contribute to the comprehensive elucidation of actual daily practice patterns in lung cancer treatment. Key points CS‐Lung‐003 registry directly integrates multiple linked studies created under the umbrella of this cancer registry to solve various clinical questions regarding daily practice patterns of lung cancer treatment

"Syn-Effect" in the Desulfonylation Reaction of α,α-Dialkylated (E)-Allylic Sulfones

It was found that the desulfonylation reaction of α,α-dialkylated (E)-allylic sulfones with a base preferentially affords the sterically unfavorable (Z)-alkadienes. The relative degree of the “syn-effect”, which is herein defined as an effect which stabilizes the syn-conformation, leading to (Z)-products, in the transition state against the steric hindrance, was revealed for various substituents at the δ-position of the (E)-allylic sulfones to be as follows: RO– >> CH3– > RS– > –CH2– > (CH3)2CH– >> (CH3)3C– > C6H5–. This finding is in accord with a previously found tendency in the conversion of (E)-vinylic sulfones to the corresponding allylic sulfones under basic conditions

A New TEM-Derived Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (TEM-91) with an R164C Substitution at the Ω-Loop Confers Ceftazidime Resistance

A new plasmid-mediated TEM-derived extended-spectrum β-lactamase, TEM-91, was identified in a ceftazidime-resistant (MIC, >128 μg per ml) Escherichia coli strain isolated in 1996 in Japan. TEM-91 has three amino acid substitutions, R164C, M184T, and E240K, compared with TEM-1 penicillinase. The isoelectric point (pI), K(m), and k(cat) of TEM-91 for ceftazidime were 5.7, 179 μM, and 29.0 s(−1), respectively. The K(i) of clavulanic acid for ceftazidime hydrolysis was 30.3 nM