The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in human adaptive learning under strategic environments

This paper proposes an augmented learning model from a neuroscience perspective. This model contains brain activity data of the orbitofrontal cortex as a predictive variable of human strategic behavior. A Bayesian 3-layer perceptron, which shows the complex relationship between decision factors, was adopted to describe the learning behavior. However, the model's complexity creates the possibility of overtting. To avoid this problem, we adopt the Bayesian estimation and Akaike's Bayesian information criteria, which provide the statistical basis of the model selection, to select the model. Our experience shows that this model can better predict human strategic behavior than do existing behavioral learning models.neuroeconomics, learning model, orbitofrontal cortex, neural network,

7タイ1 カンゴ タイセイ ドウニュウゴ ノ キュウセイキ ビョウイン イッパン ビョウショウ ニオケル カンゴシ ノ ジンイン ハイチ ニ タイスル ヒョウカ

It has been５years since an introduction of the nursing system of one nurse for every seven inpatients. The aim of this study was to determine whether this nursing system leads to meet the demands of the inpatients and to clarify improvement factors in adequate personnel distribution. Participants were１９６head nurses of２８acute hospitals in the Chugoku and Shikoku regions in Japan. As a result of analysis, the numbers of nurses have been increased by the introduction of this system. However, the employing of a large number of new nurses with almost no experience, it caused shortage of personnel, and reduction in nursing service quality. Also, as inclined allocation of personnel was not conducted according to the degree of nursing care need, imbalanced personnel allocation was observed in survey data. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between bed occupancy rate and the number of nurses ; therefore it was thought that there is not staff placement depending on busyness of nurse. For the adequate personnel allocation and careful nursing system, it was thought that calculation of the number of nurse placement based on appropriate measurement of nursing care need and evaluation of nurses’ competence was necessary

7タイ1 カンゴ タイセイ ドウニュウゴ ノ キュウセイキ ビョウイン イッパン ビョウショウ ニオケル カンゴシ ノ ジンイン ハイチ ニ タイスル ヒョウカ

It has been５years since an introduction of the nursing system of one nurse for every seven inpatients. The aim of this study was to determine whether this nursing system leads to meet the demands of the inpatients and to clarify improvement factors in adequate personnel distribution. Participants were１９６head nurses of２８acute hospitals in the Chugoku and Shikoku regions in Japan. As a result of analysis, the numbers of nurses have been increased by the introduction of this system. However, the employing of a large number of new nurses with almost no experience, it caused shortage of personnel, and reduction in nursing service quality. Also, as inclined allocation of personnel was not conducted according to the degree of nursing care need, imbalanced personnel allocation was observed in survey data. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between bed occupancy rate and the number of nurses ; therefore it was thought that there is not staff placement depending on busyness of nurse. For the adequate personnel allocation and careful nursing system, it was thought that calculation of the number of nurse placement based on appropriate measurement of nursing care need and evaluation of nurses’ competence was necessary

セイシンカ ビョウイン ニオケル タクエツ シタ カンゴ カンリシャ ノ ジンイン ハイチ ニ カンスル シコウ カテイ ノ メイカクカ

Assignment of appropriate staff is a very important role of the as nursing administrator. The purpose of this research was to clarify a staff assignment process based upon the thought process of distinguished nursing administrators in psychiatric hospitals in order to create a computerized system towards improving patient care outcomes. Participants were seven nursing administrators in psychiatric hospitals which have psychiatric acute care unit and dementia care unit etc. in Japan. A semi-structured interview procedure was using to determine the requirements necessary for systematizing process of designing the staff assignment, and survey contents were “method of information gathering required for staff assignment determination”, “what information required for decision-making”, and “how to evaluate from the collected information”. This study used the qualitative analysis of narratives from participants. As a result, the daily record for unit management, interview, personnel information and patient information through the work schedule were collected, and nursing administrator had determined quantitative and qualitative number of staff assignment through the process of three steps of assessment. As a one important issue for staff assignment, it became clear a lot of nursing administrator’s precious time was spent in gathering, organizing and analyzing information for staff assignment determination

シンジン カンゴシ ノ ショクバ カンキョウ ニンシキ ニ カンスル シャクド ノ カイハツ

The purpose of this study was to develop a rating scale for novice nurses’ recognition of working environment. The survey questionnaire on working environment was sent to ８１０ novice nurses in the western region of Japan, of which ６３４ were returned with a response rate of ７８％. A principal factor analysis with a varimax rotation was conducted on the final １６‐item scale and two factors （１１‐items） were extracted. The Cronbach α coefficient for the total scale was ０．８８２, indicating high internal consistency. The first factor was named “educational-support environment,” and consisted of six items regarding instruction in the workplace, tackling issues, and relationship with managers, and the second factor was “working environment satisfaction,” which consisted of five items regarding human relationships in the workplace, relationship with patients, and vacation. The developed “rating scale for novice nurses’ recognition of working environment” can easily evaluate the cognitive state of a subject’s workplace environment. Therefore, it was considered that this scale was useful when examining working environment

The role of nurse administrators and managers in quality psychiatric care

Psychiatric healthcare services in Japan demand continuous improvement to ensure quality care. Psychiatric nurse administrators and managers greatly influence the quality of services. To improve treatment, the following are considered necessary : clarification of service goal, proper assessment of treatment outcome, shortening of hospitalization, patient-centered care, establishment of trust relationships based on open communication with patients, and effective interdisciplinary teamwork. Additionally, administrators and managers must evaluate the clinical competence of individual nurses and appropriately assign them, especially when personnel shortage is an issue. Furthermore, in collaboration with other healthcare professionals, nurse managers must provide optimal care by setting goals of psychiatric services for patients in acute, sub-acute, or convalescent phases. This article presents the roles of nurse administrators and managers in improving the quality of Japanese psychiatric healthcare services

Development Issues of Healthcare Robots : Compassionate Communication for Older Adults with Dementia

Although progress is being made in affective computing, issues remain in enabling the effective expression of compassionate communication by healthcare robots. Identifying, describing and reconciling these concerns are important in order to provide quality contemporary healthcare for older adults with dementia. The purpose of this case study was to explore the development issues of healthcare robots in expressing compassionate communication for older adults with dementia. An exploratory descriptive case study was conducted with the Pepper robot and older adults with dementia using high-tech digital cameras to document significant communication proceedings that occurred during the activities. Data were collected in December 2020. The application program for an intentional conversation using Pepper was jointly developed by Tanioka’s team and the Xing Company, allowing Pepper’s words and head movements to be remotely controlled. The analysis of the results revealed four development issues, namely, (1) accurate sensing behavior for “listening” to voices appropriately and accurately interacting with subjects; (2) inefficiency in “listening” and “gaze” activities; (3) fidelity of behavioral responses; and (4) deficiency in natural language processing AI development, i.e., the ability to respond actively to situations that were not pre-programmed by the developer. Conversational engagements between the Pepper robot and patients with dementia illustrated a practical usage of technologies with artificial intelligence and natural language processing. The development issues found in this study require reconciliation in order to enhance the potential for healthcare robot engagement in compassionate communication in the care of older adults with dementia

Investigation of Methods to Create Future Multimodal Emotional Data for Robot Interactions in Patients with Schizophrenia : A Case Study

Rapid progress in humanoid robot investigations offers possibilities for improving the competencies of people with social disorders, although this improvement of humanoid robots remains unexplored for schizophrenic people. Methods for creating future multimodal emotional data for robot interactions were studied in this case study of a 40-year-old male patient with disorganized schizophrenia without comorbidities. The qualitative data included heart rate variability (HRV), video-audio recordings, and field notes. HRV, Haar cascade classifier (HCC), and Empath API© were evaluated during conversations between the patient and robot. Two expert nurses and one psychiatrist evaluated facial expressions. The research hypothesis questioned whether HRV, HCC, and Empath API© are useful for creating future multimodal emotional data about robot–patient interactions. The HRV analysis showed persistent sympathetic dominance, matching the human–robot conversational situation. The result of HCC was in agreement with that of human observation, in the case of rough consensus. In the case of observed results disagreed upon by experts, the HCC result was also different. However, emotional assessments by experts using Empath API© were also found to be inconsistent. We believe that with further investigation, a clearer identification of methods for multimodal emotional data for robot interactions can be achieved for patients with schizophrenia

シコク チホウ ニオケル セイシンカ ビョウイン ノ シンソツ カンゴシ サイヨウ ニ カンスル ジッタイ

It is important for psychiatric hospitals （PHs） to have experienced nurses who are interested in nursing patients with psychiatric/mental health problems. Recruitment of newly graduated nurses who share a passion for patients with these conditions is critical to both the profession and to the nurses. In doing so, it is critical that these nurses are nurtured and valued, who can show a high level of practical nursing ability. However, at present, it is difficult to employ experienced psychiatric nurses especially those newly graduated nurses. Therefore, an inquiry survey was conducted to determine the situation and condition concerning the employment of newly graduated nurses by PHs in Shikoku region. Participants were nurse administrators of PHs, institutions that are concerned with the psychiatric patient care within the Shikoku Region. There are ６２ PHs that are members of the Japanese Psychiatric Hospitals Association in the Shikoku region. Administrators of ６１ of these hospitals were provided with the survey forms, however, only ５８ survey forms were returned. Results of the survey showed that twenty-four PHs （４１．４％） have not hired any new nurses for more than several years now, and forty-six PHs （７９．３％） have not hired any new nurses in ２０１４. The PHs that hired the most new nurses hired only one to two nurses. Regarding the employment of newly graduated nurses, findings revealed that nursing administrators wanted nurses to feel attracted to psychiatric nursing and that they wanted to nurture and retain them. However, they also believed that they were not positioned to accept newly graduated nurses and that they could only accept experienced nurses. Since it is believed that the present conditions, where hiring newly graduated nurses is difficult, will continue in the future, further efforts will be required to secure jobs for new nurses

Criterion-related Validity of the PITCCN

The Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (PITCCN) based on Locsin's theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (TCCN, 2005) was developed (Kato et al. 2016) and revised by Miyamoto et al. (2017). The purpose of this study was to verify criterion-related validity of PITCCN using the Practice of Caring Behavior Questionnaire (PCBQ, Shigehisa, 2007). The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Tokushima University Hospital. Data were collected from September 2017 to October 2017. Of the 402 questionnaire copies distributed, only 299 copies were returned and analyzed to determine correlations between total score value and Mean Factor Point of each factor for PITCCN and PCBQ. These were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Statistical significance was at .01 levels. Strong positive correlation coefficient was obtained between total score values (r=.76, p<.01) and factors of PITCCN and PCBQ (r=.19 to .68, p<.01) , except the PITCCN's factor 3 : “Utilization of information obtained from technology and continuous knowing” and PCBQ's factor 6 : “Enriched relationships between patient and nurse”, (r=.13, not significant). From these results, the criterion-related validity of PITCCN as the inventory of TCCN could be confirmed