乳酸菌 Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris が生産する多糖類の増産を目的としたパルス電界処理に関する研究

学位の種別: 論文博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学准教授 荒木 徹也, 東京大学教授 鍋谷 浩志, 東京大学教授 岡田 謙介, 東京大学特任教授 朝倉 富子, 東京大学准教授 斎藤 幸恵, 農研機構食品研究部門先端食品加工技術ユニット長 植村 邦彦University of Tokyo(東京大学

A Study of the Effect by Intellectual-Tests under White Noise and Back-Ground-Music

We have two chapters in this study. The details are as follows; Chapter 1. This chapter is the sequel to our treatise reported in the preceding Bulletin of The Faculty of Education Univ. of Tokyo Vol. 15. In that Bulletin, we hypothesized that the effect of noises on psychological performance was not merely inhibitory but also accelerating, designated them as "inhibitory effect" and "accelerating effect". The main purpose of this chapter is to investigate these two effects, in case of performing Intelligence-Tests which has 5 intellectual factors from simplicity to complexity. Experimental conditions and procedures are as follows ; Test : Intelligence-Test, known as Todai A-S form. Noise conditions : Control group-about 40 dB(A), Experimental group-White noise 80 dB(A), produced by Noise Field Generator, placed at the center of the experimental rooms. Grouping: 3 groups. Gl-Control. G2-Experimental, doing the test in Usual Sequence, G3-Experimental, doing the test in Reverse Sequence. Subjects : The first and the second year Junior High School, about 50 members in each group. The main findings of this chapter were shown under. Concerning the complex intellectual factors in intelligence-test, "inhibitory effect" came first which was shown in Reverse Sequence Group : G3. But in the simple intellectual factors, " accelerating effect" had a tendency to come first, which was same as Kroeperin-Test composed of mathematical computation. Anyway two effects mentioned the above had different influence upon intellectual factors by the degree of complexity. Chapter 2. In this chapter, we investigated the effect caused by exposure to the music, by carrying out experimentally on 173 male and 173 femail junior high school pupils engaged in some intellectual performance. The findings of this chapter were as follows ; 1. The intellectual performance in the case of the quiet condition was more efficient in comparison with that of the music exposure, 2, The inefficiency under the music was not related to the degree of the undesirability against music, but related to the degree of the unfamiliarity with music

A Study of the Effect on Intellectual-Tests under White Noise and Back-Ground-Music (Report 3)

We have two chapters in this study, both of which are the sequel to our treatise reported in the preceding Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, University of Tokyo, Vol. 17. Chapter 1. The main findings of this chapter are shown below : 1. B. G. M. of which tempo is rapid, has less effect to soften the suffering given by nuisance noises, in comparison with slow tempo B. G. M.. 2. In the cases of performing Intellectual-Tests, both groups under nuisance noises and, noises with the rapid tempo B. G. M. are more inhibitory than the controled one. Chapter 2. The main purpose of this chapter is to study the effect of B.G. M. upon intellectual performance, especially in case of giving the different tempo music, namely "rapid" or "slow". We have the conclusion as follows : Rapid tempo music has little inhibitory effect in performing intellectual work, consistently. And, slow tempo music has strong inhibitory effect immediately after performing the work

A Study of the Effect on Intellectual-Tests under White Noise and Back Ground Music(Rep. 2)

We have two chapters in this study. Chapter 1. The main purpose of this chapter is to investigate the effect of Back Ground Music (B. G. M. ) , especially the effect of masking nuisance noises, in case of pupils\u27 performing Intellectual-Tests. And we also investigated the reason why pupils learned their lessons at their homes under the conditions of B.G.M.. The main findings of this chapter is as follows; 1. B.G.M. used to mask nuisance noises softens the suffering given by nuisance noises. 2. In case of performing Intellectual-Tests, the condition under "B. G. M. with nuisance onises" is more efficient than that under "noises only". 3. The main reason of pupils\u27 learning under the conditions of B.G.M. is not that they want to increase the efficiency of their lessons but that they want to listen to music itself. Chapter 2. This chapter is the sequel to our treatise reported in the preceding Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Univ. of Tokyo, Vol. 16. We investigated whether the effect of music upon intellectual performance varies by each subject\u27s skillfulness or not. We have the following conclusion. "Inhibitory effect" of music was obviously observed in those subjects who had lower skillfulness in performing Intellectual-Tests

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Continuous and Intermittent White Noise upon Uchida-Kraepelin Test

We investigated the effect of white noise, continuous and intermittent, upon Uchida-Krae-pelin Test. Subjects were 230 male and 230 female junior high school students. They took the test under three different conditions, namely, ordinary level of room noise (about 45 dBA), continuous white noise and intermittent one (both; about 70dBA). The main findings of this study were as follows; 1. White noise had inhibitory effect upon the performance of the test, especially in the first period. 2. It seemed that intermittent white noise was more inhibitory than continuous white noise, but the difference was not statistically significant. 3. Inhibitory effect of white noise was clearly observed in those subjects who had the lowest skillfulness in performing the test

Cdh23 and Prepulse Inhibition

We previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for prepulse inhibition (PPI), an endophenotype of schizophrenia, on mouse chromosome 10 and reported Fabp7 as a candidate gene from an analysis of F2 mice from inbred strains with high (C57BL/6N; B6) and low (C3H/HeN; C3H) PPI levels. Here, we reanalyzed the previously reported QTLs with increased marker density. The highest logarithm of odds score (26.66) peaked at a synonymous coding and splice-site variant, c.753G>A (rs257098870), in the Cdh23 gene on chromosome 10; the c.753G (C3H) allele showed a PPI-lowering effect. Bayesian multiple QTL mapping also supported the same variant with a posterior probability of 1. Thus, we engineered the c.753G (C3H) allele into the B6 genetic background, which led to dampened PPI. We also revealed an e-QTL (expression QTL) effect imparted by the c.753G>A variant for the Cdh23 expression in the brain. In a human study, a homologous variant (c.753G>A; rs769896655) in CDH23 showed a nominally significant enrichment in individuals with schizophrenia. We also identified multiple potentially deleterious CDH23 variants in individuals with schizophrenia. Collectively, the present study reveals a PPI-regulating Cdh23 variant and a possible contribution of CDH23 to schizophrenia susceptibility

Pharmacokinetic Modeling of [ 18 F]MC225 for Quantification of the P-Glycoprotein Function at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Non-Human Primates with PET

[18F]MC225 has been developed as a weak substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) aimed to measure changes in the P-gp function at the blood–brain barrier with positron emission tomography. This study evaluates [18F]MC225 kinetics in non-human primates and investigates the effect of both scan duration and P-gp inhibition. Three rhesus monkeys underwent two 91-min dynamic scans with blood sampling at baseline and after P-gp inhibition (8 mg/kg tariquidar). Data were analyzed using the 1-tissue compartment model (1-TCM) and 2-tissue compartment model (2-TCM) fits using metabolite-corrected plasma as the input function and for various scan durations (10, 20, 30, 60, and 91 min). The preferred model was chosen according to the Akaike information criterion and the standard errors (%) of the estimated parameters. For the 91-min scan duration, the influx constant K1 increased by 40.7% and the volume of distribution (VT) by 30.4% after P-gp inhibition, while the efflux constant k2 did not change significantly. Similar changes were found for all evaluated scan durations. K1 did not depend on scan duration (10 min—K1 = 0.2191 vs 91 min—K1 = 0.2258), while VT and k2 did. A scan duration of 10 min seems sufficient to properly evaluate the P-gp function using K1 obtained with 1-TCM. For the 91-min scan, VT and K1 can be estimated with a 2-TCM, and both parameters can be used to assess P-gp function

Integrated anatomy of the neuromuscular, visceral, vascular, and urinary tissues determined by MRI for a surgical approach to lateral lumbar interbody fusion in the presence or absence of spinal deformity

Introduction: To comprehensively investigate the anatomy of the neuromuscular, visceral, vascular, and urinary tissues and their general influence on lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) surgery in the presence or absence of spinal deformity. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 100 consecutive surgery cases for lumbar degenerative disease of patients aged on average 70.5 years and of which 67 were women. A sagittal vertical axis deviation of more than 50 mm was defined as adult spinal deformity (ASD: 50 patients). The degenerative disease of the other patients was defined as lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS: 50 patients). We analyzed the relative anatomical position of the psoas major muscle, lumbar plexus, femoral nerves, inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta and its bifurcation, ureter, testicular or ovarian artery, kidney and transverse abdominal muscle in patients with ASD or with LSS, using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: For patients with ASD, the L4-5 intervertebral disk was closer to the lumbar nerve plexus than it was in those with LSS (p < 0.0001), and a rising psoas sign at the L4-5 disk was significantly more frequent in patients with ASD than in those with LSS (p < 0.05). The aortic bifurcation frequently appeared at the level of L4-5 in patients with either degenerative disease, so the common iliac artery may pass near the disk. The inferior vena cava passed closer to the center of the L4-5 disk in patients with ASD than it did in those with LSS (p < 0.05). The transverse abdominal muscle at L2-3, L3-4, and L4-5 was closer to and less than 3 mm from the kidneys in many more patients with ASD than was the case for patients with LSS (p = 0.3, p < 0.05, p = 0.29, respectively). Conclusions: We recommend careful preoperative MRI to determine the location of organs to help to avoid intraoperative complications during LLIF surgery, especially for patients with ASD