Paclobutrazol retards vegetative growth in hydroponically-cultured Leonotis leonurus (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae for a multipurpose flowering potted plant

Leonotis leonurus (L.) R. Br. Lamiaceae, commonly known as wild dagga or lion's ear, is a robust ornamental shrub with multiple medicinal uses. It grows widely throughout South Africa, especially amongst rocks in grasslands (Agnihotri et al., 2009). L. leonurus has bright orange nectar-rich velvety flowers, which are displayed in whorls at the top of each stem (Riley, 1963; Joffe, 2003). This fast growing perennial is drought tolerant and contains long soft and hairy leaves with serrate edges. Amongst its multiple uses are several medicinal applications, such as treatment for snake, spider and scorpion bites as well as bee stings (Ascensão et al., 1995). An infusion and a decoction of the leaf and stem have been used internally for coughs, colds, influenza, bronchitis, high blood pressure and headaches (Bienvenu et al., 2002). In addition, it has traditionally been smoked for the relief of epilepsy. L. leonurus is a very beautiful garden ornamental, with great potential as a flowering potted plant. Despite its great potential as a potted flowering plant, it often grows up to 3 m tall and 1.5 m wide, thus making it difficult to grow as a potted flowering plant