Institutional delivery knowledge, attitude, and practice among mothers of childbearing age with one or more children, Ethiopia

Background: Institutional delivery is Giving birth in medical institution under the care and Supervision of trained health care providers which promotes newborn survival and reduces maternal mortality. The objective of the study was to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards institutional delivery among mothers of child bearing age who have one or more child and visit MCH clinic Adaba health center, West Arsi zone, South East Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross sectional study design was conducted. The study was conducted starting from May 1-30, 2021 at Adaba health center, West Arsi zone, South East Ethiopia. Our study sample size is 250 mothers who have at least one birth and visiting MCH at Adaba health center. Systematic random sampling was used to select mothers, Data was collected by using structured questionnaire. Finally data was analyzed by SPSS version 21   Results out of 250 women during our data collection time 246(98.4%) were our respondents and 4(1.6%) were non respondents. Among 246 women 213 (86.6%) had good knowledge and 33(13.4%) had poor knowledge. While 212(86.2%) had good attitude and 34(13.8%) had poor attitude and 179(72.8%) had good practice but 67(27.2%) had poor practice. Conclusion Increasing knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers towards institutional delivery plays a key role in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. However, the prevailing level of KAP towards institutional delivery is not satisfactory. Increasing utilization of institutional delivery by increasing awareness of each community through health information dissemination on importance of institutional delivery is needed

Spatial distribution and determinant factors of anemia among women age 15-49 years in Burkina Faso; using mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression model

Background: Anemia is a condition in which the number of healthy red blood cells/ hemoglobin (Hgb) level (and consequently their oxygen-carrying capacity) is insufficient to meet the body’s physiologic needs. Assessing the geographic distributions of anemia and determinant factors across the regions in Burkina Faso can inform the national policy in designing prevention and intervention programmes to address anemia. Thus, the current study is aimed to assess the spatial distribution and determinant factors of anemia among women aged 15–49.in Burkina Faso Methods: A secondary data analysis was done based on 2021 Burkina Faso; Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS). Total weighted samples of 5655 women’s were included. Data processing and analysis were performed using STATA 14; ArcGIS 10.1 and SaTScan 9.6 software. Spatial autocorrelation was checked using Global Moran’s index (Moran’s I). Hotspot analysis was made using Gettis-OrdGi*statistics. Additionally, spatial scan statistics were applied to identify significant primary and secondary cluster of anemia. Mixed effect ordinal logistics were fitted to determine factors associated with the level of anemia. Result: The spatial distribution of anemia in Burkina Faso among women aged 15–49.was found to be clustered (Global Moran’s I = 0.25, p value < 0.0001). In the multivariable mixed-effect ordinal regression analysis; Age 25-29 years [AOR = 1.31 ; 95% CI: 1.06  1.61], rich wealth status [AOR = 1.32 ; 95% CI: 1.08   1.62],   regions Cascades [AOR = 1.62 ; 95% CI: 1.16   2.25],   Hauts-bassins [AOR =  1.40   ; 95% CI: 1.06   1.84],  Plateau central [AOR =  0.72    ; 95% CI: -0.54   0.96 and Sahel[AOR =  0.42   ; 95% CI: 0.28  0.63] , were significant predictors of anemia among women aged 15–49 Conclusions: A significant clustering of anemia among women aged 15–49 were found in Burkina Faso and the significant hotspot areas with high cluster anemia were identified in Boucle du mouhoun , Centre , Hauts-bassins ,Nord, Centre Ouest, Plateau central, and Centre Est regions. Besides, Age, wealth index, regions Cascades , Hauts-bassins, Plateau central, and Sahel were significant predictors of anemia. Therefore, effective public health intervention and nutritional education should be designed for the identified hotspot areas and risk groups in order to decrease the incidence of anemia

HIV infection and pre-cancerous cervical lesions in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Cervical cancer is potentially preventable and an important health issue for women around the world. In 2010, it was estimated that 20.9 million women were at risk of developing cervical cancer in Ethiopia with an estimated 4,648 and 3,235 annual numbers of new cases and deaths, respectively. In this paper, we aim to determine the impact of HIV status on pre-cancerous cervical lesions (PCCL). Methods Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the literature for studies evaluating the relationship between HIV status and pre-cancerous cervical lesions. Data were summarized using fixed effect models. Results Nine out of 360 records identified through database searching met our inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratios for pre-cancerous cervical lesions, comparing women who are HIV positive versus women who are HIV negative, was OR 1.75 (95% CI: 1.40, 2.18), P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%). Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that HIV positive status has a marked effect on PCCL and the risk of PCCL. Government and other stakeholders should give patients living with HIV high priority for cervical cancer screening

Whole Blood Stimulation Assay as a Treatment Outcome Monitoring Tool for VL Patients in Ethiopia: A Pilot Evaluation.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a lethal disease if left untreated. Current treatments produce variable rates of treatment failure and toxicity without sterile cure, rendering treatment efficacy monitoring essential. To avoid repeated invasive tissue aspirates as well as empirical treatment, there is a need for new tools that allow a less-invasive and early assessment of treatment efficacy in the field. Cross-sectional studies have suggested levels of cytokines/chemokines after whole blood stimulation as good markers of cure, but longitudinal studies are lacking. In this study, we followed 13 active VL cases in an endemic area in Ethiopia by measuring the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-2, IL-10, MCP-1, and MIG before, during, and at the end of treatment. After 24 hours of stimulation of whole blood with soluble Leishmania antigen, we observed an early, robust, and incremental increase of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IP-10 levels in all patients during treatment. Moreover, based on the IFN-γ levels that showed an average 13-fold increase from the time of diagnosis until the end of treatment, we could almost perfectly discriminate active from cured status. Similar concentrations and patterns were found in stimulation assays with the two main Leishmania species. The levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, or TNF-α also seemed to be inversely associated with the parasite load at baseline. Despite a 1/10 drop in concentrations, similar patterns were observed in IFN-γ and IP-10 levels when dried plasma spots were stored at 4°C for an average of 225 days. All the above evidence suggests a detectable restoration of cell-mediated immunity in VL and its association with parasite clearance. With a potential application in rural settings by means of dried plasma spots, we recommend to further explore the early diagnostic value of such assays for treatment efficacy monitoring in large cohort studies including treatment failure cases.Funding was provided by the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation under the ITM-DGDC framework agreement FA-IIII. WA is personally supported by a Research Foundation Flanders postdoctoral fellowship. In addition, this work was funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III via the project PI18CIII/00029 and via the Red de Enfermedades Tropicales, Subprograma RETICS del Plan Estatal de I+D+I 2013-2016, which is cofunded by FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” funds, via projects RD16/0027/0017 and RD16CIII/0003/0002.S