L’orchestre à l’école. Un autre regard sur l’éducation

International audienc

L’orchestre à l’école. L’éducation démocratique par la musique

International audienceMandated by the academic delegation to the training and pedagogical innovation (DAFIP) of the rectorate of Aix-Marseille, we asked a teacher of the school Château Pitty Orchestra device at school on the relations between people living in the neighborhood Notre-Dame in Gardanne and their school.This research is part of the "Research-Land-Training" relationship that exists between the Aix-Marseille Rectorate, the SFERE-Provence federative educational research body, and the AMU ESPE.The elementary school of Château Pitty is located in Gardanne, a town of 20,000 inhabitants. Classified REP + school, it welcomes 120 students in 5 classes ranging from CP to CM2. The "Orchestra at school" system is based on an associative structure supported by the municipality, Rotary, the Association of Parents and the Rectorate of the Aix-Marseille Academy.This name is not to the hearing of the child, it was questioned about the influence of the device. We seek to verify the impact of the device on the process of individualization from a few indicators.A questionnaire prepared by the team and reformulated by the teachers of schools distributed to students 68) and parents of students (40) from CE2 to CM2. The handover was conducted in collaboration with the levels of teachers and principals of the school. The terms and conditions resulted in students completing the questionnaire in class and parents at home. It is a type of multiple-choice questionnaire and free answers (see inserts of cards). The method of analysis is estimated on a quantitative approach by a qualitative and analytical approach by semantics (see Greimas 1966, Lebahar 2007, Prieto 1975).The results obtained on the behavior of pupils and parents and on the quality of the impact of this device. It was very easy in the discussion to relativize the impact on the behavior of parents as a whole, even if at the social and cognitive level, improved responses.Mandaté par la délégation académique à la formation et à l’innovation pédagogique (DAFIP) du rectorat d’Aix-Marseille, sur la demande d’une équipe d’enseignants de l’école Château Pitty pour mener une étude sur l’impact du dispositif Orchestre à l’école sur les relations entre les personnes vivant dans le quartier Notre Dame à Gardanne et leur école.Cette recherche s’inscrit dans la relation « Recherche-Terrain-Formation » qui existe entre le rectorat d’Aix-Marseille, la structure fédérative de recherche en éducation SFERE-Provence, et l’ESPE d’AMU.L’école élémentaire de Château Pitty est située à Gardanne, une commune de 20 0000 habitants. Classée école REP+, elle accueille 120 élèves dans 5 classes allant du CP au CM2. Le dispositif « Orchestre à l’école » repose sur une structure associative soutenue par la municipalité, le Rotary, l’association des parents d’élèves et le Rectorat de l’académie d’Aix-Marseille.Notre proposition de poster est fondée sur les résultats obtenus lors d’une enquête réalisée auprès des élèves et des parents d’élèves que nous avons questionné sur l’influence du dispositif. Nous cherchions à vérifier l’impact du dispositif sur le processus d’individuation à partir des quelques indicateurs.Un questionnaire préparé par l’équipe et reformulé par les professeures des écoles a été distribués aux élèves 68) et aux parents d’élèves (40) de CE2 à CM2. La passation a été réalisée en collaboration a lveces professeures des écoles et le directeur de l’école. Les modalités ont fait que les élèves ont renseigné le questionnaire en classe, et les parents à la maison. Il s’agit d’un type de questionnaire à choix multiples et réponses libres (cf. insertions des fiches). La méthode d’analyse est fondée sur une approche quantitative par pourcentage et une approche qualitative par analyse sémantique (cf. Greimas, 1966 ; Lebahar, 2007 ; Prieto, 1975).Les résultats portent sur le comportement des élèves et des parents et renseignent sur la qualité de l’impact de ce dispositif. Il convient cependant, comme nous l’explicitons dans la discussion, de relativiser cet impact sur le comportement des parents dans leur ensemble, même si sur le plan social et cognitif, des réponses apportées par les élèves semblent plutôt positives

Documenting and analyzing pre-reflective self-consciousness underlying ongoing performance optimization in elite athletes: the theoretical and methodological approach of the course-of-experience framework

Traditional theories of motor learning emphasize the automaticity of skillful actions. However, recent research has emphasized the role of pre-reflective self-consciousness accompanying skillful action execution. In the present paper, we present the course-of-experience framework as a means of studying elite athletes’ pre-reflective self-consciousness in the unfolding activity of performance optimization. We carried out a synthetic presentation of the ontological and epistemological foundation of this framework. Then we illustrated the methodology by an in-depth analysis of two elite windsurfers’ courses of experience. The analysis of global and local characteristics of the riders’ courses of experience reveal (a) the meaningful activities accompanying the experience of ongoing performance optimization; (b) the multidimensionality of attentional foci and the normativity of performance self-assessment; and (c) a micro-scale phenomenological description of continuous improvement. These results highlight the fruitfulness of the course-of-experience framework to describe the experience of being absorbed in an activity of performance optimization

A comprehensive radial velocity error budget for next generation Doppler spectrometers

We describe a detailed radial velocity error budget for the NASA-NSF Extreme Precision Doppler Spectrometer instrument concept NEID (NN-explore Exoplanet Investigations with Doppler spectroscopy). Such an instrument performance budget is a necessity for both identifying the variety of noise sources currently limiting Doppler measurements, and estimating the achievable performance of next generation exoplanet hunting Doppler spectrometers. For these instruments, no single source of instrumental error is expected to set the overall measurement floor. Rather, the overall instrumental measurement precision is set by the contribution of many individual error sources. We use a combination of numerical simulations, educated estimates based on published materials, extrapolations of physical models, results from laboratory measurements of spectroscopic subsystems, and informed upper limits for a variety of error sources to identify likely sources of systematic error and construct our global instrument performance error budget. While natively focused on the performance of the NEID instrument, this modular performance budget is immediately adaptable to a number of current and future instruments. Such an approach is an important step in charting a path towards improving Doppler measurement precisions to the levels necessary for discovering Earth-like planets.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, published in Proc. of SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 201

Evidence for He I 10830 \AA~ absorption during the transit of a warm Neptune around the M-dwarf GJ 3470 with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder

Understanding the dynamics and kinematics of out-flowing atmospheres of hot and warm exoplanets is crucial to understanding the origins and evolutionary history of the exoplanets near the evaporation desert. Recently, ground based measurements of the meta-stable Helium atom's resonant absorption at 10830 \AA~has become a powerful probe of the base environment which is driving the outflow of exoplanet atmospheres. We report evidence for the He I 10830 \AA~in absorption (equivalent width $\sim$ $0.012 \pm 0.002$ \AA) in the exosphere of a warm Neptune orbiting the M-dwarf GJ 3470, during three transits using the Habitable Zone Planet Finder (HPF) near infrared spectrograph. This marks the first reported evidence for He I 10830 \AA\, atmospheric absorption for a planet orbiting an M-dwarf. Our detected absorption is broad and its blueshifted wing extends to -36 km/sec, the largest reported in the literature to date. We modelled the state of Helium atoms in the exosphere of GJ3470b based on assumptions on the UV and X-ray flux of GJ 3470, and found our measurement of flux-weighted column density of meta-stable state Helium $(N_{He^2_3S} = 2.4 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{cm^{-2}})$, derived from our transit observations, to be consistent with model, within its uncertainties. The methodology developed here will be useful to study and constrain the atmospheric outflow models of other exoplanets like GJ 3470b which are near the edge of the evaporation desert.Comment: Accepted in Ap

Persistent starspot signals on M dwarfs: multi-wavelength Doppler observations with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder and Keck/HIRES

Young, rapidly-rotating M dwarfs exhibit prominent starspots, which create quasiperiodic signals in their photometric and Doppler spectroscopic measurements. The periodic Doppler signals can mimic radial velocity (RV) changes expected from orbiting exoplanets. Exoplanets can be distinguished from activity-induced false positives by the chromaticity and long-term incoherence of starspot signals, but these qualities are poorly constrained for fully-convective M stars. Coherent photometric starspot signals on M dwarfs may persist for hundreds of rotations, and the wavelength dependence of starspot RV signals may not be consistent between stars due to differences in their magnetic fields and active regions. We obtained precise multi-wavelength RVs of four rapidly-rotating M dwarfs (AD Leo, G 227-22, GJ 1245B, GJ 3959) using the near-infrared (NIR) Habitable-zone Planet Finder, and the optical Keck/HIRES spectrometer. Our RVs are complemented by photometry from Kepler, TESS, and the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) network of telescopes. We found that all four stars exhibit large spot-induced Doppler signals at their rotation periods, and investigated the longevity and optical-to-NIR chromaticity for these signals. The phase curves remain coherent much longer than is typical for Sunlike stars. Their chromaticity varies, and one star (GJ 3959) exhibits optical and NIR RV modulation consistent in both phase and amplitude. In general, though, we find that the NIR amplitudes are lower than their optical counterparts. We conclude that starspot modulation for rapidly-rotating M stars frequently remains coherent for hundreds of stellar rotations, and gives rise to Doppler signals that, due to this coherence, may be mistaken for exoplanets.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Prospecting in ultracool dwarfs : Measuring the metallicities of mid- and late-m dwarfs

© 2014. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Metallicity is a fundamental parameter that contributes to the physical characteristics of a star. The low temperatures and complex molecules present in M dwarf atmospheres make it difficult to measure their metallicities using techniques that have been commonly used for Sun-like stars. Although there has been significant progress in developing empirical methods to measure M dwarf metallicities over the last few years, these techniques have been developed primarily for early- to mid-M dwarfs. We present a method to measure the metallicity of mid- to late-M dwarfs from moderate resolution (R ∼ 2000) K-band (≃ 2.2 μm) spectra. We calibrate our formula using 44 wide binaries containing an F, G, K, or early-M primary of known metallicity and a mid- to late-M dwarf companion. We show that similar features and techniques used for early-M dwarfs are still effective for late-M dwarfs. Our revised calibration is accurate to ∼0.07 dex for M4.5-M9.5 dwarfs with -0.58 <[Fe/H] <+0.56 and shows no systematic trends with spectral type, metallicity, or the method used to determine the primary star metallicity. We show that our method gives consistent metallicities for the components of M+M wide binaries. We verify that our new formula works for unresolved binaries by combining spectra of single stars. Lastly, we show that our calibration gives consistent metallicities with the Mann et al. study for overlapping (M4-M5) stars, establishing that the two calibrations can be used in combination to determine metallicities across the entire M dwarf sequence.Peer reviewe