Thermal diffusivity investigation of matrix phase of 90W-7Ni-3Fe sintered alloy

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dyfuzyjności cieplnej stopu 53Ni-23Fe-24W, stanowiącego fazę wiążącą metalu ciężkiego (spieku ciężkiego) 90W-7Ni-3Fe. Pomiary wykonano, korzystając ze zmodyfikowanej metody impulsowej. Zakres temperatury badań obejmował przedział od temperatury pokojowej do około 1100 K. Na podstawie uzyskanych danych pomiarowych opracowano temperaturową charakterystykę dyfuzyjności cieplnej badanego spieku. Prezentowane wyniki są częścią programu badań właściwości termofizycznych spieków wolframowych i stanowią uzupełnienie do wcześniej publikowanych wyników badań rozszerzalności liniowej stopu 53Ni-23Fe-24W.The paper presents the results of thermal diffusivity investigations of 53Ni-23Fe-24W alloy. The alloy is a matrix phase of a 90W-7Ni-3Fe tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) fabricated by liquid phase sintering. A modified pulse method was used for measurement. The temperature range was between room temperature and 1100 K. The measurement data was the basis to determine the temperature characteristic of the thermal diffusivity of the investigated alloy. The presented results are part of a tungsten heavy alloys thermophysical properties research program. They complement results of previous studies of linear expansion of 53Ni-23Fe-24W alloy

Investigations of thermal expansivity of a matrix phase of 90W-7Ni-3Fe sintered alloy

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań liniowej rozszerzalności cieplnej stopu 53Ni-23Fe-24W, stanowiącego fazę wiążącą metalu ciężkiego (spieku ciężkiego) 90W-7Ni-3Fe. Obejmowały one swoim zakresem pomiary dylatometryczne, numeryczne opracowanie charakterystyk termicznych i analizy porównawcze. Pomiary rozszerzalności liniowej i wydłużenia względnego wykonano dylatometrem interferencyjnym o dużej rozdzielczości metodą kolejno powtarzanych cykli. Zakres temperatury badań obejmował przedział od temperatury pokojowej do 1140°C. Na podstawie uzyskanych danych pomiarowych, przy wykorzystaniu technik aproksymacji funkcjami sklejanymi, opracowano charakterystyki rozszerzalności liniowej i wydłużenia względnego. Stwierdzono stabilność właściwości dylatometrycznych stopu w badanym przedziale temperatury. Prezentowane analizy, jako część programu badań właściwości termofizycznych spieków wolframowych, stanowią niezbędne uzupełnienie pomiarów ciepła właściwego i dyfuzyjności cieplnej.Thermal expansion properties of 53Ni-23Fe-24W alloy have been discussed. The studies include experimental measurements, numerical processing of the obtained data and comparative analyses. The investigated material is a matrix phase of a 90W-7Ni-3Fe tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) fabricated by liquid phase sintering. The coefficient of thermal linear expansion (CLTE) and the linear expansivity (LE) have been measured by laser interferometry preserving high thermal resolution on a thermal cycling. During the experiments, a maximum temperature of 1140°C was reached starting from a room temperature. The measurements revealed global thermal stability of the studied material. The experimental data has been fitted applying spline functions - the approximates for typical CLTE and LE thermal characteristics have been derived. The obtained results complement the results of thermal diffusivity and specific heat measurements that have been conducted within the same research project

Investigation and Complex Analysis of 90W-7Ni-3Fe Sintered Alloy Thermophysical Properties

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych oraz kompleksowej analizy właściwości cieplno-fizycznych (termofizycznych) spieku o składzie 90% W, 7% Ni i 3% Fe. Badany materiał, wytwarzany metodą spiekania z udziałem fazy ciekłej, ma niejednorodną strukturę kompozytu dyspersyjnego z fazą wiążącą w postaci stopu o składzie 53% Ni, 23% Fe i 24% W wypełnioną quasi-sferycznymi cząstkami wolframu. W badaniach doświadczalnych określono charakterystyki termiczne ciepła właściwego w zakresie temperatury od -15°C do 600°C, liniowej rozszerzalności cieplnej i wydłużenia względnego w zakresie od 20°C do 1120°C oraz dyfuzyjności cieplnej w zakresie od 20°C do 670°C. Doświadczenia wykonano za pomocą mikrokalorymetru skaningowego (DSC), dylatometru interferencyjnego oraz stanowiska do badań dyfuzyjności cieplnej metodą impulsowego powierzchniowego wymuszenia laserowego. W pracy przedstawiono reprezentatywne charakterystyki poszczególnych właściwości termofizycznych dla zakresu temperatury od 20°C do 600°C, który odpowiada obszarowi wspólnemu dla wszystkich wykonanych doświadczeń. Analizę uzupełniono wynikami predykcji przewodności elektrycznej, a także dodatkowymi badaniami gęstości wykonanymi metodą wypornościową.Results of experimental investigation followed by complex thermophysical property analysis of 90W-7Ni-3Fe tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) have been discussed. The alloy was manufactured by sintering in a vacuum. It shows the structure of a dispersed composite with 53Ni-23Fe-24W matrix and tungsten quasi-spherical particle filling. The experimental studies included differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), laser interferometry, and laser flash (LF) measurements of a specific heat, thermal expansivity and thermal diffusivity, respectively. The DSC measurements have been performed within the temperature range from -15°C to 600°C, the dilatometric from 20°C to 1120°C, and the LF from 20°C do 670°C. These results have been supplied by a density measurement. The experiments revealed two reversible phase transitions at about 250°C and about 700°C. The raw experimental data of all investigated thermophysical parameters have been fitted applying B-spline approximation. As a result, C1 class thermal characteristics have been obtained for the specific heat (SH), the coefficient of a linear thermal expansion (CLTE) and the thermal diffusivity (TD). Next, the thermal conductivity (TC) within the temperature interval from 20°C to 600°C has been calculated. Finally, the electrical conductivity has been predicted using the Widemann-Franz-Lorentz equation from the TC results

Influence of field and road pattern change on gully development in the Bug River valley side (E Poland)

Causes of dynamic development of a permanent gully dissected in sandy river valley side were presented in this paper. Road and field pattern change conditioned the gully forming during one downpour. A new pattern and crop structure caused fast surface flow on the side. Flow concentration along the road and balks causes dissections of gully escarpments and development of the gully branches

Investigation of transient heat transfer in composite walls using carbon/epoxy composites as an example

The paper presents the application of similarity theory to investigations of transient heat transfer in materials with complex structure. It describes the theoretical-experimental method for identification and design of the structure of two-component composite walls based on the research of the thermal diffusivity for the composite and its matrix separately. The thermal diffusivity was measured by means of the modified flash method. The method was tested on two samples of double-layer ‘epoxy resin – polyamide’. All the investigated samples had the same diameter of 12 mm and thickness ranging from 1.39–2.60 mm and their equivalent value of thermal diffusivity ranging from (1.21–1.98)×10-7 m2/s. Testing the method and research on carbon/epoxy composites was carried out at temperatures close to room temperature

Adaptation of the modified pulse method for determination of thermal diffusivity of solids in the vicinity of the second-order phase transition points

The paper presents the adaptation of the modified pulse method for investigating temperature characteristics of thermal diffusivity in the vicinity of the second-order phase transition points. The principle of the adaptation consists in the modified in relation to the original method, development of the characteristics of temperature changes between boundary surfaces of a flat-parallel specimen after the laser shot onto its front surface. The application of this adaptation was illustrated with investigation into thermal diffusivity of nickel (99.9% wt) in the temperature range of 20–380°C. In all cases the measurement error was less than 3%, and the averaging interval for the measured values of thermal diffusivity was not greater than 1.2 K

Analysis of waste mud stability

Drilling fluids play a number of functions, e.g. they remove cuttings, lubricate the drill bits, maintain stability of the hole and prevent the inflow-outflow of fluids between well and the shales. For this reason, they are made of complex polymeric-mineral microcomposites of differentiated chemical and mineralogical-phase content with varying share of colloidal phase in dispersed solid phase in water, i.e. water-based muds (WBM) or oil environment, i.e oil-based muds (OBM). The major factor providing stability of the presented systems is the high participation of clayey minerals (smectite group), long-chain polymers and chemicals stabilizing dispersions. The results of analyses of concentrated dispersions of waste muds from a few regions in Poland are presented inthe paper. These are plastic-viscous dispersions of rheological parameters described most frequently by the Herschel-Bulkley model, the flow of which is connected with deformations of internal structures in the analyzed systems taking place in a function of temperature. There are also presented measurement results of light transmission and backscattering in the analyzed range of temperatures, i.e. 20 to 60°C with the use of Turbiscan Lab., Formulaction. The stability indicator is the turbiscan stability index (TSI)

How to resolve Pleistocene stratigraphic problems by different methods? A case study from eastern Poland

Different methods have been used to determine the stratigraphic position of Pleistocene alluvial deposits, particularly fluvial interglacial deposits. Near-surface deposits of a meandering river, developed in point-bar and oxbow lake facies, in the Samica River valley (near Łuków, eastern Poland) have been investigated. The fossil valley is incised into the till plain and the outwash. The fluvial succession is locally overlain by solifluction deposits. All the deposits underwent sedimentological analysis. The petrographic composition of basal till occurring in the vicinity of a fossil valley was determined with the method of indicator erratics. Fluvial deposits were examined by pollen analysis and plant macrofossil analysis of oxbow lake facies. Absolute dating methods were applied to the deposits (thermoluminescence methods: TL and additionally IRSL). Lithological differences between fluvial and the surrounding glaciofluvial deposits were identified and their lithostratigraphic position assigned. Petrographic analysis of till and palaeobotanical analyses of oxbow lake facies gave compatible results. Fluvial deposits were formed after the Sanian 2/Elsterian Glaciation, during the Mazovian/Holsteinian Interglacial. Luminescence dating of the fluvial deposits by the TLMAX method yielded the most relevant results (412-445 ka), which indicate that these deposits were formed during the end of the MIS 12 and beginning of the MIS 11 stage