Система оценки эффективности устройств временного ослепления

The development of non-lethal weapons and, in particular, temporary blinding devices is associated with problem of choosing boundaries of effectiveness. The aim of present work is determination of criteria for estimation of the effects of visual jamming devices action on the naked eye.The present-day scoring system used for effectiveness estimation of laser temporary blinding devices is based on maximum permissible exposure and/or accessible emission level defined for each hazard class in accordance with operating standard.In the present work we carried out analysis and modeling of the cases of application of temporary blinding laser devices. The proposed scoring system was founded on international standard IEC 60825-1-2014 as well as Manual on Laser Emitters and Flight Safety. The modeling of bright light action on observer eye was rested on CIE General Disability Glare Equation and provided quantitative description of jamming effectiveness. The main parameters used in this model and dictated by ambient light level and human eye characteristics, were veiling luminance and angle of distinguishing objects under it.In terms of exposition level and perception effects we determined six zones – unallowed, hazard, temporary blinding, discomfort, alerting, completely safe. Proposed system combined with modeling provides with visual demonstration of perceived light source and allows to describe human physiological sensation and to establish the fact of jamming at different distances. This system was the basis of the development of temporary blinding device for revelation of safe but effective spatial boundaries of action.Разработка оружия нелетального действия, в частности устройств временного ослепления, сопряжена с проблемой выбора эффективных границ действия. Целью данной работы являлось установление критериев оценки действия устройств постановки зрительных помех невооружённому глазу.Для определения эффективности действия представленных на рынке лазерных устройств временного ослепления обычно используется система оценки, основанная на предельно допустимом уровне излучения и/или предельной интенсивности излучения для выбранного класса опасности в соответствии с действующим стандартом.В данной работе проведён анализ и моделирование ситуаций применения устройств временного ослепления на основе лазеров. Предложена система оценки, основанная как на международном стандарте IEC 60825-1-2014, так и на руководстве по лазерным излучателям в аспекте безопасности полётов. Моделирование воздействия яркого излучения на глаз наблюдателя базировалось на основном уравнении слепящей блесткости (CIE General Disability Glare Equation) и обеспечивало количественную оценку эффективности постановки помех. В качестве основных параметров в модели использовались величины яркости засветки и угол различения объектов под ней, которые определялись параметрами человеческого глаза и внешней среды.По уровню экспозиции и проявляемому эффекту было выделено шесть зон – запрещённая, опасная, временного ослепления, дискомфортная, оповещения, полностью безопасная. В совокупности с моделированием данная система позволяет описать физиологические ощущения человека, дать наглядное изображение воспринимаемого источника света и установить факт постановки помех на различных расстояниях. Эта система была положена в основу разработки устройства временного ослепления для выявления безопасных и эффективных пространственных границ действия.

Assessing the efficacy of various treatment regimens for patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy associated with Graves’ disease

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of various treatment regimens for patients with EO associated with Graves’ disease based on the retrospective analysis of clinical data, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor autoantibodies (TSHR-Ab) titers and orbital ultrasound imaging findings. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records (including clinical and laboratory data and findings of ultrasound imaging of retrobulbar adipose tissue) of 155 patients with EO associated with Graves’ disease and either euthyroidism (in the presence of antithyroid therapy) or postoperative compensated hypothyroidism that underwent treatment at Komisarenko Institute for Endocrinology and Metabolism between 2009 and 2019. The duration of EO ranged from 8 months to 36 months. Patients with EO associated with Graves’ disease were medically treated in the presence of stable euthyroidism. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the glucocorticoid treatment scheme. Group 1 of 15 patients received prednisolone tablets per os; group 2 of 68 patients, intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) pulse therapy only; group 3 of 32 patients, intravenous MP pulse therapy plus vitamin D3; and group 4 of 40 patients, intravenous MP pulse therapy 8 to 12 months after thyroidectomy. Results: As soon as 3 months after treatment initiation, there was an improvement in condition of patients in all groups as assessed by clinical examination, followed by further improvement by 6 months and 12 months. The best results were obtained in patients of group 4, with a statistically significant improvement in clinical condition (p < 0.05). Retrobulbar adipose tissue thickness as assessed by orbital ultrasound at baseline and at 6 months and 12 months was statistically significantly greater in patients of all the four groups than controls (p < 0.05). At 6 months, serum TSHR-Ab levels in groups 1, 2 and 3 significantly decreased compared to baseline, with no significant difference between these groups, whereas serum TSHR-Ab level in group 4 was significantly higher than in other groups both at baseline and at 6 months. At 12 months, serum TSHR-Ab level in group 4 was significantly lower (р < 0.05) than in other groups (2.41 ± 0.81 mU/L versus 5.97 ± 1.71 mU/L for group 1, 5.49 ± 1.27 mU/L for group 2, and 6.17 ± 1.18 mU/L for group 3). Conclusion: Patients with EO associated with Graves’ disease in group 4 (intravenous MP pulse therapy after thyroidectomy) showed a significantly better (р < 0.05) treatment outcome than patients in other groups. Ultrasound imaging of retrobulbar adipose tissue thickness is inadequately informative for assessing treatment efficacy

Оценка влияния комплекса биопрепаратов на рост, развитие и урожайность огурца в условиях светокультуры

The ecologization of protected soil is currently one of the most important tasks of agricultural production, in this regard, for the vegetable growing of protected soil, the introduction of effective microorganisms into the substrate when growing plants in low-volume technology is of great interest. Biologics can enhance metabolic processes in the nutrient substrate and plants, plant resistance to adverse environmental conditions, increase plant productivity and improve product quality. Therefore, the purpose of our work is to analyze the effect of a complex of biological products on the agrobiological parameters of cucumber hybrids Mewa F1 and Valigora F1 on the 39, 67, 95 and 123 day of cultivation from the appearance of mass shoots. The research was carried out in conditions of high industrial greenhouses of the "Venlo" type, in the winter-spring turns of 2021 and 2022. The preparations were introduced into the tank mixture and fed to the plants through a drip irrigation system. Measurements of economically valuable indicators were noted weekly. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA methods were used for statistical data analysis.Results. When using biological products, a positive effect was noted on the growth and development of cucumber plants, as well as on the increase in leaf plate and leaf surface area (LAI). The dates of the onset of single and mass flowering of plants and single fruiting occurred earlier when using a complex of biological preparations for 1-5 days. When assessing the effect of the complex of biological products on the development of the photosynthetic apparatus, the positive effect of biological products on the area and index of the leaf surface on the 39, 67 and 95 days of cultivation was established. In addition, a significant effect of the complex on the increase in yield per m2 per turnover was revealed. In the conducted studies, the increase in yield was due to an increase in the weight and diameter of fruits. The total height of the plants and the weekly growth of the complex of drugs practically did not affect. A comparative analysis of the growth processes and yield of cucumber hybrids Mewa F1 and Valigora F1 when applying root fertilizing with a complex of biological preparations showed great effectiveness from their use.Экологизация защищенного грунта, на данный момент – одна из важнейших задач сельскохозяйственного производства, в связи с этим, для овощеводства защищенного грунта большой интерес представляет внесение в субстрат при выращивании растений в малообъемной технологии эффективных микроорганизмов. Биопрепараты способны усилить обменные процессы в питательном субстрате и растениях, устойчивость растений к неблагоприятным условиям среды, повысить продуктивность растений и улучшить качество продукции. Поэтому целью нашей работы является анализ влияния комплекса биопрепаратов на агробиологические показатели гибридов огурца Mewa F1 и Valigora F1 на 39, 67, 95 и 123 сутки выращивания от появления массовых всходов. Исследования проводили в условиях высоких промышленных теплиц типа «Venlo», в зимне-весенних оборотах 2021 и 2022 годов. Препараты вносили в баковую смесь и подавали к растениям через систему капельного полива. Измерения хозяйственно ценных показателей отмечали еженедельно. Для статистического анализа данных использовали методы описательных статистик и ANOVA.Результаты. При применении биопрепаратов было отмечено положительное воздействие на рост и развитие растений огурца, а также на увеличение листовой пластинки и площади листовой поверхности (ИПЛ). Даты наступления единичного и массового цветения растений и единичного плодоношения наступали раньше при применении комплекса биопрепаратов на 1-5 суток. При оценке влияния комплекса биопрепаратов на развитие фотосинтетического аппарата установлено положительное влияние биопрепаратов на площадь и индекс листовой поверхности на 39, 67 и 95-е сутки выращивания. Кроме того, выявлено достоверное влияние комплекса на увеличение урожайности с м2 за оборот. В проведенных исследования увеличение урожайности происходило за счет увеличения массы и диаметра плодов. На общую высоту растений и недельный прирост комплекс препаратов практически не повлиял. Сравнительный анализ ростовых процессов и урожайности гибридов огурца Mewa F1 и Valigora F1 при применении корневых подкормок комплексом биопрепаратов показал большую эффективность от их применения

To the 50th anniversary of hematology service of the Republic of Tatarstan

The article presents an overview of the development of hematology service in the Republic of Tatarstan. The well-known scientist Nikolay Konstantinovich Goryaev (1875-1943), who worked in Kazan for a long time, began to develop this direction and after passing an internship in Germany proposed an improved device for calculating the blood elements known throughout the world. Adherents of Professor Goryaev continued research in the field of hematology, a blood transfusion station was organized. Professor S.I. Sherman proposed new methods of diagnosis and treatment of B12 deficiency anemia. Professor Sh.I. Ratner studied the changes in the blood picture in diseases of the abdominal cavity. The first 15 specialized hematological beds were opened in 1968 in the hospital named “Old Clinic”. The physician who treated such patients was Rakhil Sholomovna Dashevskaya, PhD. At present, hematology service is provided by three hospitals in Kazan, hematological and therapeutical beds in Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk, outpatient hematology service in Zelenodolsk. In recent years, the introduction of stem cell therapy has begun, and modern combined methods of chemotherapy have been introduced

Results of Modeling Experiments in Designing Immuno-Enzyme Test-System for the Detection of Antibodies to <I>Yersinia pestis</I> F1 (ELISA-Ab-F1 <I>Yersinia pestis</I>)

Designed is immuno-enzyme test-system for the detection of antibodies to Yersinia pestis capsular antigen F1 – “ELISA-Ab-F1 Yersinia pestis”. On the model of laboratory mice it is demonstrated that this test-system is highly specific, its diagnostic titer being 1/320.Diagnostic value of the test-system is 83.3–88.9 % as revealed through investigations of sera and blood suspension samples, swabs of thoracic organs of animals, inoculated with live plague vaccine, strains of plague microbe, containing and deprived of pFra, as well as with heterologous bacteria

Steatosis drives monocyte-derived macrophage accumulation in human metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common complication of obesity with a hallmark feature of hepatic steatosis. Recent data from animal models of MAFLD have demonstrated substantial changes in macrophage composition in the fatty liver. In humans, the relationship between liver macrophage heterogeneity and liver steatosis is less clear. METHODS: Liver tissue from 21 participants was collected at time of bariatric surgery and analysed using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and H&E microscopy. Single-cell RNA sequencing was also conducted on a subset of samples (n = 3). Intrahepatic triglyceride content was assessed via MRI and tissue histology. Mouse models of hepatic steatosis were used to investigate observations made from human liver tissue. RESULTS: We observed variable degrees of liver steatosis with minimal fibrosis in our participants. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed four macrophage clusters that exist in the human fatty liver encompassing Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MdMs). The genes expressed in these macrophage subsets were similar to those observed in mouse models of MAFLD. Hepatic CD14 CONCLUSIONS: The human liver in MAFLD contains macrophage subsets that align well with those that appear in mouse models of fatty liver disease. Recruited myeloid cells correlate well with the degree of liver steatosis in humans. MdMs appear to participate in lipid uptake during early stages of MALFD. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is extremely common; however, the early inflammatory responses that occur in human disease are not well understood. In this study, we investigated macrophage heterogeneity in human livers during early MAFLD and demonstrated that similar shifts in macrophage subsets occur in human disease that are similar to those seen in preclinical models. These findings are important as they establish a translational link between mouse and human models of disease, which is important for the development and testing of new therapeutic approaches for MAFLD

Разработка элементов технологии выращивания рассады лука порея для открытого грунта Нечерноземной зоны

Relevance and methods. Leek is one of the most promising onion crops for industrial cultivation in the Non-Chernozem zone, which has medicinal properties and high nutritional value. The results of studying the technological features of leek cultivation in the open ground of the Moscow region are presented. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020 on the territory of the “Vegetable Experimental Station named after V.I. Edelstein". We studied the influence of the feeding area of leek seedlings on the biometric parameters of plants and the quality of products. The object of the study is the variety Karantansky, experimental options: 1) seedling feeding area – 6 cm2 (control), 2) seedling feeding area – 8 cm2 , 3) seedling feeding area – 10 cm2 . The objects of research to study the content of ascorbic acid were leek varieties: late-ripening – Karantansky (standard), Bandit, Dobry Molodets, mid-ripening – Columbus, Hobot slona.Results. It is noted that the feeding area during the seedling period does not significantly affect the biometric parameters of leek plants: leaf area, plant weight, leek pseudostems diameter. Therefore, during the period of growing seedlings, from the point of view of rational use of the area in the seedling department, it is recommended to use the minimum feeding area – 6 cm2 . It was also found that the studied varieties accumulate ascorbic acid in different ways in various plant organs. The maximum content of ascorbic acid was noted in the leek pseudostems of the control late-ripening variety Karantanskiy – 23.6 mg%. The minimum values are for Dobry Molodets (11.8 mg%) and Hobot Slona (11.9 mg%).Актуальность. Лук порей – одна из наиболее перспективных луковых культур для промышленного выращивания в условиях Нечерноземной зоны, обладающая лечебными свойствами и высокой питательной ценностью.Материал и методы. Представлены результаты изучения технологических особенностей культивирования лука порея в условиях открытого грунта Московской области. Исследования проводили в 2019-2020 годах на территории УНПЦ «Овощная опытная станция имени В.И. Эдельштейна». Изучали влияние площади питания рассады лука порея на биометрические показатели растений и качество продукции. Объект исследования – сорт Карантанский, варианты опыта: 1) площадь питания рассады – 6 см2 (контроль), 2) площадь питания рассады – 8 см2 , 3) площадь питания рассады – 10 см2 . Объектами исследований по изучению содержания аскорбиновой кислоты являлись сорта лука порея: позднеспелые – Карантанский (стандарт), Бандит, Добрый молодец, среднеспелые – Коламбус, Хобот слона.Результаты. Отмечено, что площадь питания в рассадный период не оказывает существенного влияния на биометрические показатели растений лука порея: площадь листьев, масса растения, диаметр ложного стебля. Поэтому в период выращивания рассады, с точки зрения рационального использования площади в рассадном отделении, рекомендуется использовать минимальную площадь питания – 6 см2. Также установлено, что изучаемые сорта по-разному накапливают аскорбиновую кислоту в различных органах растения. Максимальное содержание отмечено в ложном стебле растений контрольного позднеспелого сорта Карантанский – 23,6 мг%. Минимальными значениями у сортов Добрый Молодец (11,8 мг%) и Хобот слона (11,9 мг%)

Физико-химические свойства лактоферрина в условиях окислительного/галогенирующего стресса

Lactoferrin (Lf) was discovered in the thirties of the twentieth century. Since that time a number of useful properties of Lf (antibacterial, antiviral, pro- and anti-inflammatory, etc.) have been found. That’s why Lf became a promising candidate for pharmaceuticals use. The concentration of Lf strikingly increases in inflammatory focuses due to neutrophil degranulation. At the same time, activated neutrophils starts to generate reactive oxygen and halogen species (ROS and RHS), which leads to the development of oxidative/halogenative stress. In this work, using the fluorescence analysis we found the change of the Lf structure and properties in the inflammation conditions (under oxidatives/halogenative stress). We use two forms of Lf – human Lf, excreted from human milk, and recombinant Lf, excreted from milk of transgenic goats. It was established that the amino acids of Lf (decreasing the number of tryptophanils and primary amines) and protein restructuring undergo modification under the HOCl action, while H2O2 has no influence. These changes in the molecule under the HOCl treatment result in decreasing the iron-binding capacity of Lf.Лактоферрин (Лф) является перспективным объектом для использования в качестве лекарственного средства благодаря ряду полезных свойств (антибактериальное, противовирусное, про- и антивоспалительное и др.). Он содержится в секрете экзокринных желез, во вторичных гранулах нейтрофилов, в молоке человека и некоторых животных. Концентрация Лф быстро увеличивается в очагах воспаления за счет дегрануляции нейтрофилов. Там же за счет активации нейтрофилов идет наработка высокореакционных активных форм кислорода и галогенов, что приводит к развитию окислительного/галогенирующего стресса. В данной работе с помощью флуоресцентных методов впервые показано изменение структуры и свойств Лф (выделенного из женского грудного молока и рекомбинантного Лф человека, выделенного из молока трансгенных коз), находящегося в условиях воспаления (окислительный/галогенирующий стресс). Установлено, что HOCl вызывает модификацию аминокислотного состава Лф (из менение числа триптофанилов и первичных аминов), а также перестройку глобулы. В то же время при действии H2O2 вышеперечисленные изменения не наблюдаются. Произошедшие с молекулой изменения при действии HOCl проявляются в уменьшении способности Лф связывать ионы железа

ЖЕЛЕЗОСВЯЗЫВАЮЩАЯ СПОСОБНОСТЬ ЛАКТОФЕРРИНА ПРИ ВОСПАЛЕНИИ

Lactoferrin (Lf) is a biologically important molecule, that accomplishes a number of useful functions in an organism. Lf can be situated in conditions associated with enrichment of reactive halogen species (asthma, infectious disease, heart-disease etс.). It was shown using spectrophotometric and fluorescence methods that HOCl and particularly HOBr lead to significant destruction of Trp residues and iron-binding capacity of Lf.Лактоферрин (Лф), выполняющий ряд полезных функций в организме, может находиться в условиях, ассоциированных с накоплением активных форм галогенов (астма, инфекционные заболевания, болезни сердца и т. д.). В работе с применением спектрофотометрического и флуоресцентного методов показано, что HOCl и особенно HOBr вызывают значительные разрушения остатков Trp и нарушение железосвязывающей способности Лф

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from a New Terrestrial Streptomyces sp. TN262

During our search for Streptomyces spp. as new producers of bioactive secondary metabolites, the ethyl acetate extract of the new terrestrial Streptomyces isolate TN262 delivered eight antimicrobially active compounds. They were identified as 1-acetyl-β-carboline (1), tryptophol (2), cineromycin B (3), 2,3-dihydrocineromycin B (4), cyclo-(tyrosylprolyl) (5), 3-(hydroxyacetyl)-indole (6), brevianamide F (7), and cis-cyclo-(l-prolyl-l-leucyl) (8). Three further metabolites were detected in the unpolar fractions using GC–MS and tentatively assigned as benzophenone (9), N-butyl-benzenesulfonamide (10), and hexanedioic acid-bis-(2-ethylhexyl) ester (11). This last compound is known as plasticizer derivatives, but it has never been described from natural sources. In this article, we describe the identification of the new Streptomyces sp. isolate TN262 using its cultural characteristics, the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding 16S rRNA gene and the phylogenetic analysis, followed by optimization, large-scale fermentation, isolation of the bioactive constituents, and determination of their structures. The biological activity of compounds (2), (3), (4), and those of the unpolar fractions was addressed as well