Effects of consecutive versus non-consecutive days of resistance training on strength, body composition, and red blood cells

10.3389/fphys.2018.00725Frontiers in Physiology9JUN72

Micromachining of amplitude and phase modulated reflective computer generated hologram patterns in silicon

10.1016/j.nimb.2010.01.015Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms26891416-1421NIMB

Short-chain fatty acid receptors inhibit invasive phenotypes in breast cancer cells

10.1371/journal.pone.0186334PLoS ONE1210e018633

Analysis of the UCHL1 genetic variant in Parkinson's disease among Chinese

10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.11.008Neurobiology of Aging31122194-2196NEAG

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: An international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda