Blue Carbon Science, Management and Policy Across a Tropical Urban Landscape

The ability of vegetated coastal ecosystems to sequester high rates of “blue” carbon over millennial time scales has attracted the interest of national and international policy makers as a tool for climate change mitigation. Whereas focus on blue carbon conservation has been mostly on threatened rural seascapes, there is scope to consider blue carbon dynamics along highly fragmented and developed urban coastlines. The tropical city state of Singapore is used as a case study of urban blue carbon knowledge generation, how blue carbon changes over time with urban development, and how such knowledge can be integrated into urban planning alongside municipal and national climate change obligations. A systematic review of blue carbon studies in Singapore was used to support a qualitative review of Singapore’s blue carbon ecosystems, carbon budget, changes through time and urban planning and policy. Habitat loss across all blue carbon ecosystems is coarsely estimated to have resulted in the release of ∼12.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide since the beginning of the 20th century. However, Singapore’s remaining blue carbon ecosystems still store an estimated 568,971 – 577,227 tonnes of carbon (equivalent to 2.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide) nationally, with a small proportion of initial loss offset by habitat restoration. Carbon is now a key topic on the urban development and planning agenda, as well as nationally through Singapore’s contributions to the Paris Agreement. The experiences of Singapore show that coastal ecosystems and their blue carbon stocks can be successfully managed along an urban coastline, and can help inform blue carbon science and management along other rapidly urbanizing coastlines throughout the tropics

Mental maps and residential desirability: a Singapore study

Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography152171-18

RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY IN HDB FLATS AND PRIVATE HOUSING IN SINGAPORE

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Public Housing in Singapore: Interpreting 'Quality' in the 1990s

Urban Studies343441-45

Green assessment and improvement framework for electric bus operational system

In response to the worldwide environmental problem and fossil oil dependency concern, electric bus (EB) has emerged as a promising green transport to alleviate air pollution. However, there is no available method on how to quantify the environmental (green) performance of EB operational system that could provide proper guidance to the bus operators. Thus, this study aims to develop a green assessment and improvement framework for EB operational system which is capable of capturing bus noise, emission, and energy consumption level explicitly in quantifying the respective green index. To do this, the approaches of Gini Index, Analytic Hierarchy as well as Weighted-grading are employed accordingly. The resultant Green Performance Index (GPI) is vital not only to enhance the green performance of EB operational system, but also to tackle the needs and preferences of the bus operators in meeting the demand of passengers. By analysing a study area in Putrajaya (Malaysia), the findings show that the green performance of EB operational system would vary across numerous operational factors, including load factor, bus frequency, and bus type. The results also highlight that the green weightage of energy consumption emerges with the highest value (approximately 69%). Besides that, it was found that the improvement strategy of load factor increment is beneficial to improve the GPI of the bus operator, up to 37.9%. Concisely, it is anticipated that the developed approach as well as the resultant findings would yield useful insights especially to the bus operators to operate EB in a greener and better manner

A study on the undergraduates' perception of the major credit and charge cards in Singapore

158 p.This is a study on the Singapore undergraduates' perception of the major credit and charge cards. The purpose is to determine the benefits that they seek, to assess their perception, and to compare their perception with the planned positioning of the major credit and charge cards.BUSINES

Network Coding Based Packets Queue Operation for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract-Wireless communication is a technology that simplify the daily life and to narrow the distance between people. Unfortunately throughput limitation of wireless networks is limiting the performance of wireless networks. In order to increase the throughput of the wireless network, network coding has been proposed to increase the throughput of network. Unlike conventional store-and-forward method, network coding is a method that intelligently combines packet from difference flow to reduce the transmissions while transfer the packets instead of just relay packets without doing any additional processing. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol (AODV) will be used to discover route for packets from source to destination in wireless ad hoc networks. The simulation of wireless ad hoc network with and without network coding will be conducted in MATLAB. This paper introduces the development of simulation to illustrate the performance of network coding in wireless ad hoc network. The simulation will calculate the transmit packet time according to the size of the packet. Lastly, average network throughput performance between network coding and store-and-forward is shown and compared

Design and development of portable fuzzy logic based traffic optimizer

Traffic jam has become a common scene nowadays, due to the rapid increase of road users in the past few years. To solve this problem, the design of traffic control is required. Traffic control parameter can be determined from the traffic flow behavior of the traffic intersection. Currently, most of the traffic control system in Malaysia is using Webster Model, which its green time duration is predetermined by collecting the data from the traffic intersection. Most of the waiting time at the intersection is wasted due to the constant green time duration. The aim of this paper is to optimize the average waiting time of a traffic intersection via a developed Fuzzy Logic traffic control system. Traffic light simulator hardware is built to deal with the difficulties of working in a real environment and to investigate the performance of the traffic control system. Conventional traffic control system, Webster Model and the Fuzzy Logic controller will be applied into the traffic signal simulator in order to investigate their performance

A Wireless Network with Adaptive Modulation and Network Coding in Intelligent Transportation Systems

Abstract-Transportation has evolved to a topic which is highly regarded in multi aspects. Partly, the contribution to its increasing complexity and everlasting significance has some correlation to the continuous rising demands of public transportation. Transportation systems are now urged to break through the boundaries using communication technolog