Implications of fault current limitation for electrical distribution networks

This paper explores the potential future need for fault current limitation in the UK's power system, and some of the technical implications of this change. It is estimated that approximately 300-400 distribution substations will require fault current limitation, based on the statistical analysis of the projected fault level "headroom" (or violation). The analysis uses a UK electrical system scenario that satisfies the Government's target for an 80% cut in CO2 emissions by 2050. A case study involving the connection of distributed generation (DG) via a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is used to illustrate the potential protection and control issues. In particular, DG fault ride-through, autoreclosure schemes, and transformer inrush current can be problematic for SFCLs that require a recovery period. The potential solutions to these issues are discussed, such as the use of islanding or automation to reduce the fault level

Thermodynamics of doubly charged CGHS model and D1-D5-KK black holes of IIB supergravity

We study the doubly charged Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger (CGHS) model, which has black hole solutions that were found to be U-dual to the D1-D5-KK black holes of the IIB supergravity. We derive the action of the model via a spontaneous compactification on S^3 of the IIB supergravity on S^1*T^4 and obtain the general static solutions including black holes corresponding to certain non-asymptotically flat black holes in the IIB supergravity. Thermodynamics of them is established by computing the entropy, temperature, chemical potentials, and mass in the two-dimensional setup, and the first law of thermodynamics is explicitly verified. The entropy is in precise agreement with that of the D1-D5-KK black holes, and the mass turns out to be consistent with the infinite Lorentz boost along the M theory circle that is a part of the aforementioned U-dual chain.Comment: 21 pages, Revte

Non-Singularity of the Exact Two-Dimensional String Black Hole

We study the global structure of the exact two-dimensional space-time which emerges from string theory. Previous work has shown that in the semi-classical limit, this is a black hole similar to the Schwarzschild solution. However, we find that in the exact case, a new Euclidean region appears "between" the singularity and black hole interior. However the boundary between the Lorentzian and Euclidean regions is a coordinate singularity, which turns out to be a surface of time reflection symmetry in an extended space-time. Thus strings having fallen through the black hole horizon would eventually emerge through another one into a new asymptotically flat region. The maximally extended space-time consists of an infinite number of universes connected by wormholes. There are no singularities present in this geometry. We also calculate the mass and temperature associated with the space-time.Comment: 9 pages, latex, DAMTP R93/

Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus and herpes viruses within the oral mucosa

ABSTRACTThere is evidence from clinical case reports and epidemiological studies that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted through oral sex. Herpes viruses that appear in the oral mucosa might influence the oral replication of HIV. A review of data suggesting that interactions occur between HIV and herpes viruses indicates that such interactions might operate in the oral mucosa. Defining the mechanisms by which herpes viruses interact with HIV in the oral mucosa should permit intervention measures to be targeted more precisely

Electromagnetic Fields and Charged Particle Motion Around Magnetized Wormholes

We perform a study to describe motion of charged particles under the influence of electromagnetic and gravitational fields of a slowly rotating wormhole with nonvanishing magnetic moment. We present analytic expression for potentials of electromagnetic field for an axially symmetric slowly rotating magnetized wormholes. While addressing important issues regarding the subject, we compare our results of motion around black holes and wormholes in terms of the ratio of radii of event horizons of a black hole and of the throat of a wormhole. It is shown that both radial and circular motions of test bodies in the vicinity of a magnetized wormhole could give rise to a peculiar observational astrophysical phenomenon.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

Helminthiasis, mite-allergy and IgE in a homogenous tropical population

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology795495-499ATMP

Combined impact of a faster self-reported eating rate and higher dietary energy intake rate on energy intake and adiposity

10.3390/nu12113264Nutrients12111-No

Associations between psycho-hedonic responses to sweet and savoury tastes with diet and body composition in a sample of asian females

10.3390/foods9091318Foods99131

Single-step scalable-throughput molecular screening for Huntington disease

10.1373/clinchem.2007.096503Clinical Chemistry546964-97