Prospectus, October 9, 1970

VETS INSTALL NEW OFFICERS; Parkland Offers Loans, Grants; Prospectus Gets New Advisor; Counselor\u27s Corner; Letters to Editor; Pollution-Solutions?: Issues and Values; Bull Page: Veterans Meeting, New Instructor, CUCT First Production, Catch 22, Edgebrook Buses, No Classes, Fashion Seminar, Organizations Officers, Scholarships; Yes Sir -- I\u27m For Real!; Coaches Corner; Cross Countryhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1970/1025/thumbnail.jp

Prospectus, October 16, 1970

PARKLAND WELCOMES NEW COUNSELORS; Letters to Editor; Oops!; Pollution-Solutions?: Real Of Objectivity; Comments: War And Peace; Bull Page: Movie Revue Joe, Decision Making, Conveniamus, Campus Organizations, Vets Meeting, Discussion Group, IOC, Movie, U.N. Week, Phi Gamma IOTA, Mailboxes, Wit N\u27 Wisdom, Mailboxes; Yes Sir -- I\u27m For Real: Illini Nips PC 7-6 In Defensive Battle; Coaches Corner; Six Man Flag Footballhttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1970/1024/thumbnail.jp

Un couple fantomatique : le conte et la fable chez quelques fabulistes des Lumières

Si les fabulistes des Lumières déploient un important appareil théorique pour s’efforcer de donner au petit genre qu’ils pratiquent une poétique — tirée de l’analyse de l’œuvre de La Fontaine ou issue d’une reformulation des préceptes de la tradition didactique et rhétorique —, ils semblent n’avoir guère réfléchi sur l’articulation entre fable et conte, même dans les cas, assez nombreux, où les deux termes figurent au titre de leurs recueils : les étiquettes paraissent interchangeables et les discours liminaires comme les apologues confirment une adhésion non problématique à la définition, souvent répétée, de La Fontaine selon laquelle une fable doit être « un conte » destiné à faire passer « le précepte avec lui ». Seules les Fables nouvelles de l’abbé Aubert, dans leur édition de 1773, esquissent — sans la théoriser — une distinction entre fable et conte, en choisissant une structure originale pour le recueil : symétriquement dans chacune des deux parties, les livres de fables (à l’exception des livres conclusifs, dotés d’un simple « épilogue ») sont terminés par un « conte moral », ce qui souligne l’inflexion de l’ouvrage, à l’origine dominé par les thématiques religieuses ou politiques, vers un moralisme domestique et sensible.If the fabulists of the Enlightenment display an important theoretical apparatus to try and give a poetics to the fable—that is derived from La Fontaine or from a reformulation of the tenets of the didactic and rhetorical tradition—, they do not seem to have considered the relationship between fable and tale, even when both appear in the titles of their books. Labels seem interchangeable and prefatory discourses as well as the apologues confirm an unproblematic adhesion to La Fontaine’s often repeated definition of a fable that must be “a tale” intended to raise “the precept with it”. Only the Fables nouvelles of Abbé Aubert in their edition of 1773 outline (without theorizing it) a distinction between fable and tale by choosing an original structure for the collection: symmetrically in both parties, books of fables (except conclusive books, with a simple “epilogue”) are terminated by a “moral tale”, which underlines the shift in the tale in which the originally religious or political themes gradually turn into a domestic and sensible moralism

Gene prediction and verification in a compact genome with numerous small introns

The genomes of clusters of related eukaryotes are now being sequenced at an increasing rate, creating a need for accurate, low-cost annotation of exon–intron structures. In this paper, we demonstrate that reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and direct sequencing based on predicted gene structures satisfy this need, at least for single-celled eukaryotes. The TWINSCAN gene prediction algorithm was adapted for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans by using a precise model of intron lengths in combination with ungapped alignments between the genome sequences of the two closely related Cryptococcus varieties. This approach resulted in ∼60% of known genes being predicted exactly right at every coding base and splice site. When previously unannotated TWINSCAN predictions were tested by RT–PCR and direct sequencing, 75% of targets spanning two predicted introns were amplified and produced high-quality sequence. When targets spanning the complete predicted open reading frame were tested, 72% of them amplified and produced high-quality sequence. We conclude that sequencing a small number of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to provide training data, running TWINSCAN on an entire genome, and then performing RT–PCR and direct sequencing on all of its predictions would be a cost-effective method for obtaining an experimentally verified genome annotation

Spelling in adolescents with dyslexia: errors and modes of assessment

In this study we focused on the spelling of high-functioning students with dyslexia. We made a detailed classification of the errors in a word and sentence dictation task made by 100 students with dyslexia and 100 matched control students. All participants were in the first year of their bachelor’s studies and had Dutch as mother tongue. Three main error categories were distinguished: phonological, orthographic, and grammatical errors (on the basis of morphology and language-specific spelling rules). The results indicated that higher-education students with dyslexia made on average twice as many spelling errors as the controls, with effect sizes of d ≥ 2. When the errors were classified as phonological, orthographic, or grammatical, we found a slight dominance of phonological errors in students with dyslexia. Sentence dictation did not provide more information than word dictation in the correct classification of students with and without dyslexia

52-week efficacy and safety of telbivudine with conditional tenofovir intensification at week 24 in HBeAg-positive chronic Hepatitis B

Background and Aims: The Roadmap concept is a therapeutic framework in chronic hepatitis B for the intensification of nucleoside analogue monotherapy based on early virologic response. The efficacy and safety of this approach applied to telbivudine treatment has not been investigated. Methods: A multinational, phase IV, single-arm open-label study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT00651209) was undertaken in HBeAg-positive, nucleoside-naive adult patients with chronic hepatitis B. Patients received telbivudine (600 mg once-daily) for 24 weeks, after which those with undetectable serum HBV DNA (<300 copies/mL) continued to receive telbivudine alone while those with detectable DNA received telbivudine plus tenofovir (300 mg once-daily). Outcomes were assessed at Week 52. Results: 105 patients commenced telbivudine monotherapy, of whom 100 were included in the efficacy analysis. Fifty-five (55%) had undetectable HBV DNA at Week 24 and continued telbivudine monotherapy; 45 (45%) received tenofovir intensification. At Week 52, the overall proportion of undetectable HBV DNA was 93% (93/100) by last-observation-carried-forward analysis (100% monotherapy group, 84% intensification group) and no virologic breakthroughs had occurred. ALT normalization occurred in 77% (87% monotherapy, 64% intensification), HBeAg clearance in 43% (65% monotherapy, 16% intensification), and HBeAg seroconversion in 39% (62% monotherapy, 11% intensification). Six patients had HBsAg clearance. Myalgia was more common in the monotherapy group (19% versus 7%). No decrease in the mean glomerular filtration rate occurred in either treatment group at Week 52. Conclusions: Telbivudine therapy with tenofovir intensification at Week 24, where indicated by the Roadmap strategy, appears effective and well tolerated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0065120

Foregut microbiome in development of esophageal adenocarcinoma

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), the type of cancer linked to heartburn due to gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD), has increased six fold in the past 30 years. This cannot currently be explained by the usual environmental or by host genetic factors. EA is the end result of a sequence of GERD-related diseases, preceded by reflux esophagitis (RE) and Barrett&#x2019;s esophagus (BE). Preliminary studies by Pei and colleagues at NYU on elderly male veterans identified two types of microbiotas in the esophagus. Patients who carry the type II microbiota are &#x3e;15 fold likely to have esophagitis and BE than those harboring the type I microbiota. In a small scale study, we also found that 3 of 3 cases of EA harbored the type II biota. The findings have opened a new approach to understanding the recent surge in the incidence of EA. &#xd;&#xa;&#xd;&#xa;Our long-term goal is to identify the cause of GERD sequence. The hypothesis to be tested is that changes in the foregut microbiome are associated with EA and its precursors, RE and BE in GERD sequence. We will conduct a case control study to demonstrate the microbiome disease association in every stage of GERD sequence, as well as analyze the trend in changes in the microbiome along disease progression toward EA, by two specific aims. Aim 1 is to conduct a comprehensive population survey of the foregut microbiome and demonstrate its association with GERD sequence. Furthermore, spatial relationship between the esophageal microbiota and upstream (mouth) and downstream (stomach) foregut microbiotas as well as temporal stability of the microbiome-disease association will also be examined. Aim 2 is to define the distal esophageal metagenome and demonstrate its association with GERD sequence. Detailed analyses will include pathway-disease and gene-disease associations. Archaea, fungi and viruses, if identified, also will be correlated with the diseases. A significant association between the foregut microbiome and GERD sequence, if demonstrated, will be the first step for eventually testing whether an abnormal microbiome is required for the development of the sequence of phenotypic changes toward EA. If EA and its precursors represent a microecological disease, treating the cause of GERD might become possible, for example, by normalizing the microbiota through use of antibiotics, probiotics, or prebiotics. Causative therapy of GERD could prevent its progression and reverse the current trend of increasing incidence of EA

Filling the Gaps in the Pharmacy Workforce in Post-Conflict Areas: Experience from Four Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa

From MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-07-28, pub-electronic 2021-07-31Publication status: PublishedFunder: World Health Organization; Grant(s): WHO Kobe Centre – WKC: K18009Background: While the pharmacy workforce is the third largest professional healthcare group worldwide, the pharmacy workforce landscape remains unclear in post-conflict areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Method: Key informants were selected for semi-structured interviews due to their role in providing pharmacy services in the selected country: the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, and South Sudan. Transcripts from the interviews were anonymized, coded, and analyzed. Results: Nine participants were recruited (CAR: 2; DRC: 2; Ethiopia: 2; South Sudan: 3), and all except two were pharmacists. Conflict-specific challenges in pharmacy service delivery were identified as the following: unpredictable health needs and/or mismatched pharmaceutical supply, transport difficulties due to insecure roads, and shortage of pharmacy workforce due to brain drain or interrupted schooling. Barriers to health workforce retention and growth were identified to be brain drain as a result of suboptimal living and working conditions or remuneration, the perception of an unsafe work environment, and a career pathway or commitment duration that does not fit the diaspora or expatriate staff. Conclusion: To tackle the barriers of pharmacy health workforce retention and growth, policy solutions will be required and efforts that can bring about long-term improvement should be prioritized. This is essential to achieve universal health coverage and the targets of the sustainable development goals for conflict affected areas, as well as to “leave no one behind”

Consonance perception beyond the traditional existence region of pitch

Some theories posit that the perception of consonance is based on neural periodicity detection, which is dependent on accurate phase locking of auditory nerve fibers to features of the stimulus waveform. In the current study, 15 listeners were asked to rate the pleasantness of complex tone dyads (2 note chords) forming various harmonic intervals and bandpass filtered in a high-frequency region (all components >5.8 kHz), where phase locking to the rapid stimulus fine structure is thought to be severely degraded or absent. The two notes were presented to opposite ears. Consonant intervals (minor third and perfect fifth) received higher ratings than dissonant intervals (minor second and tritone). The results could not be explained in terms of phase locking to the slower waveform envelope because the preference for consonant intervals was higher when the stimuli were harmonic, compared to a condition in which they were made inharmonic by shifting their component frequencies by a constant offset, so as to preserve their envelope periodicity. Overall the results indicate that, if phase locking is indeed absent at frequencies greater than ∼5 kHz, neural periodicity detection is not necessary for the perception of consonance