The relationship between blood potassium, blood lactate, and electromyography signals related to fatigue in a progressive cycling exercise test

Local muscle fatigue may be related to potassium efflux from the muscle cell and lactate accumulation within the muscle. However, this has not been verified. The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine if there was a relationship between fatigue related changes in median power frequency (MPF) of EMG signals from the vastus lateralis and blood lactate (LAC) or potassium (K) during a progressive cycling test. This was tested in eight trained cyclists and triathletes under normal and glycogen reduced conditions to modify the LAC environment. No significant relationships were found between LAC (p>0.27) or K (p>0.16) in either condition during exercise or recovery. Though both lactate and potassium have been implicated as factors relating to neuromuscular fatigue, neither is significantly related to changes in MPF during or after progressive exercise on a cycle ergometer

Maximal force and tremor changes across the menstrual cycle

PURPOSE: Sex hormones have profound effects on the nervous system in vitro and in vivo. The present study examines the effect of the menstrual cycle on maximal isometric force (MVC) and tremor during an endurance task. METHODS: Nine eumenorrheic females participated in five study visits across their menstrual cycle. In each menstrual phase, an MVC and an endurance task to failure were performed. Tremor across the endurance task was quantified as the coefficient of variation in force and was assessed in absolute time and relative percent time to task failure. RESULTS: MVC decreases 23% from ovulation to the mid luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In absolute time, the mid luteal phase has the highest initial tremor, though the early follicular phase has substantially higher tremor than other phases after 150 s of task performance. In relative time, the mid luteal phase has the highest level of tremor throughout the endurance task. CONCLUSIONS: Both MVC and tremor during an endurance task are modified by the menstrual cycle. Performance of tasks and sports which require high force and steadiness to exhaustion may be decreased in the mid luteal phase compared to other menstrual phases

Exercise-Induced Glycogen Reduction Increases Muscle Activity

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(3): 336-346, 2016. Intramuscular glycogen stores are an important energy source during extended bouts of strenuous exercise. A substantial reduction in glycogen could influence neural muscular drive and result in a decreasing quality of exercise performance and potentially increased injury rates. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of glycogen reduction on motor drive as determined by the surface electromyogram (EMG) amplitude and median frequency during a cycling graded exercise test. Eight trained cyclists performed a discontinuous cycling graded exercise test to exhaustion under both normal and glycogen reduced conditions. EMG was collected from the vastus lateralis. Repeated measures regression models indicated that EMG amplitudes were elevated at cycling workloads higher than 196 Watts and metabolic workloads higher than 40.8 ml/kg/min, corresponding to 77% VO2max. There was no effect of increases in workload or glycogen reduction on EMG median frequency. Changes in mechanical and metabolic workload had a substantial effect on EMG amplitude (Cohen’s f2 = 0.227 and 0.247, respectively), but not median frequency (Cohen’s f2 = 0.026 and 0.033, respectively). Thus, EMG amplitude is a more effective and reliable measure to examine changes in motor drive during variable workload conditions and metabolic perturbations. The results suggest that healthy glycogen reduced humans require higher levels of muscle activity in order to attain a given mechanical and metabolic workload. This may affect the long term performance of professional and military athletes who need to be able to perform at a high level for extended periods of activity

Cognitive Fatigue Influences Time-On-Task during Bodyweight Resistance Training Exercise

Prior investigations have shown measurable performance impairments on continuous physical performance tasks when preceded by a cognitively fatiguing task. However, the effect of cognitive fatigue on bodyweight resistance training exercise task performance is unknown. In the current investigation 18 amateur athletes completed a full body exercise task preceded by either a cognitive fatiguing or control intervention. In a randomized repeated measure design, each participant completed the same exercise task preceded by a 52 minute cognitively fatiguing intervention (vigilance) or control intervention (video). Data collection sessions were separated by 1 week. Participants rated the fatigue intervention as being significantly more mentally demanding than the control intervention (p .05). There was no statistical difference for heart rate or metabolic expenditure as a function of fatigue intervention during exercise. Cognitively fatigued athletes have decreased time-on-task in bodyweight resistance training exercise tasks

Moving sport and exercise science forward: A call for the adoption of more transparent research practices

This is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Springer on 04/02/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01227-1 The accepted version may differ from the final published version. For re-se please see the publisher's terms and conditions.The primary means of disseminating sport and exercise science research is currently through journal articles. However, not all studies, especially those with null findings, make it to formal publication. This publication bias towards positive findings may contribute to questionable research practices. Preregistration is a solution to prevent the publication of distorted evidence resulting from this system. This process asks authors to register their hypotheses and methods before data collection on a publicly available repository or by submitting a Registered Report. In the Registered Report format, authors submit a stage 1 manuscript to a participating journal that includes an introduction, methods, and any pilot data indicating the exploratory or confirmatory nature of the study. After a stage 1 peer review, the manuscript can then be offered in-principle acceptance, rejected, or sent back for revisions to improve the quality of the study. If accepted, the project is guaranteed publication, assuming the authors follow the data collection and analysis protocol. After data collection, authors re-submit a stage 2 manuscript that includes the results and discussion, and the study is evaluated on clarity and conformity with the planned analysis. In its final form, Registered Reports appear almost identical to a typical publication, but give readers confidence that the hypotheses and main analyses are less susceptible to bias from questionable research practices. From this perspective, we argue that inclusion of Registered Reports by researchers and journals will improve the transparency, replicability, and trust in sport and exercise science research. The preprint version of this work is available on SportRχiv: https://osf.io/preprints/sportrxiv/fxe7a/.Published versio

Updating the Previously-Published Algorithms for Creating an ASES- and IKDC-Index from the PROMIS System

While many manuscripts have worked to correlate the American Shoulder & Elbow Surgeons survey (ASES) and the International Knee Documentation Committee survey (IKDC) with the NIH PROMIS survey sets, only the Tenan et al. series of papers have demonstrated that a nonlinear combination of the PROMIS Pain Interference and PROMIS Physical Function scores, in conjunction with age, can be used to effectively recreate the ASES and IKDC surveys with a high fidelity. This preprint document, not planned for submission at a peer-reviewed journal, serves as an update to the algorithms previously made available by Tenan et al. and makes these updated algorithms available at the following link: https://osf.io/58g6u

MCID Empirical Issues

This contains the raw data used in the manuscript entitled "All MCIDs are Wrong, but Some May be Useful" for Journal of Orthopaedic & Sport Physical Therap

A Statistical Method and Tool to Account for Indirect Calorimetry Differential Measurement Error in a Single-Subject Analysis

Indirect calorimetry and oxygen consumption (VO2) are accepted tools in human physiology research. It has been shown that indirect calorimetry systems exhibit differential measurement error, where the error of a device is systematically different depending on the volume of gas flow. Moreover, systems commonly report multiple decimal places of precision, giving the clinician a false sense of device accuracy. The purpose of this manuscript is to demonstrate the use of a novel statistical tool which models the reliability of two specific indirect calorimetry systems, Douglas bag and Parvomedics 2400 TrueOne, as univariate normal distributions and implements the distribution overlapping coefficient to determine the likelihood that two VO2 measures are the same. A command line implementation of the tool is available for the R programming language as well as a web-based graphical user interface. This tool is valuable for clinicians performing a single-subject analysis as well as researchers interested in determining if their observed differences exceed the error of the device

Creating an IKDC Index from PROMIS Computer Adaptive Tests

This uses the MOTION Cohort to develop an IKDC Index from the PROMIS computer adaptive surveys. Includes the main manuscript and appendices (once available)