CURRENT TRENDS IN FEEDING AND CARING FOR PREMATURE AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

Low weight at birth is an important indicator of infant health due to the tight relationship between birth weight and infant mortality and morbidity. The diminishing of the mortality and morbidity rate requires information on the growth characteristics and caring requirements for this category of children. Regardless of the category they are in – prematures, Small for Gestational Age, delay in intrauterine growth – these children, due to their low weight at birth present a high risk to develop malnutrition, a reason why there should be known the energy requirements and the optimum nutrition principles, specifi c to them. Ensuring an early most favourable diet is the essential element in their care assistance

Barriers and facilitators to differentiation of English instruction in Taiwan elementary schools. - Page 193

Greutatea mică la naştere este un indicator important al sănătăţii infantile din cauza relaţiei strânse dintre gre utatea la naştere şi morbiditatea şi mortalitatea infantilă. Diminuarea ratei de mortalitate şi morbiditate presupune cunoaşterea particularităţilor de creştere şi îngrijire la aceste categorii de copii. Indiferent de categoria din care fac parte – prematuri, Small for Gestational Age, întârziere în creşterea intrauterină – aceşti copii, prin greutatea la naştere mică, au un risc crescut de a dezvolta malnutriţie, motiv pentru care la aceştia se impune cunoaşterea necesarului energetic şi de principii alimentare maximale, particular lor. Asigurarea unui suport nutriţional optim precoce reprezintă elementul esenţial al îngrijirii acestora

CURRENT TRENDS IN FEEDING AND CARING FOR PREMATURE AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

Low weight at birth is an important indicator of infant health due to the tight relationship between birth weight and infant mortality and morbidity. The diminishing of the mortality and morbidity rate requires information on the growth characteristics and caring requirements for this category of children. Regardless of the category they are in – prematures, Small for Gestational Age, delay in intrauterine growth – these children, due to their low weight at birth present a high risk to develop malnutrition, a reason why there should be known the energy requirements and the optimum nutrition principles, specifi c to them. Ensuring an early most favourable diet is the essential element in their care assistance

Frequency Seismic Response for EEWS Testing on Uniaxial Shaking Table

Earthquake early warning systems are used as important tools in earthquake risk management, providing timely information to residents and both public and private emergency managers. By doing this, the potential impact of large magnitude seismic events is significantly reduced. These systems use seismic sensors in order to acquire real-time data for the weaker but fast moving P wave (usually the first 3–5 s of the earthquake) and specific algorithms to predict the magnitude and the arrival time of the slower but more destructive surface waves. Most of these projection algorithms make use only of the vertical component of the acceleration and need extensive training in earthquake simulators in order to enhance their performance. Therefore, a low-inertial-mass uniaxial shaking table is proposed and analyzed in terms of frequency response in this paper, providing an effective cost/control ratio and high daily duty cycle. Furthermore, with the large variety of prediction algorithms, which use different frequency ranges, a new concept of selective frequency band error is also introduced and discussed in this paper as being a necessary tool for the final assessment of magnitude estimation algorithm error

COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING – A SHORT REVIEW OF SEVERAL CORRECT PRINCIPLES OF LONG-TERM HEALTH

Nutrition epitomizes the whole range of physiological processes of absorbtion and decomposition of food in the body, as required for growth and development. The debates on the feeding trends are topical, a large number of scientifi c boards and international committees fully concentrate on the impact of correct feeding on growth and harmonious development, starting even from intrauterine life. The progressive introduction of half solid and solid food in the infant’s diet after 4-6 months, gradually replacing the milk meals previously administered is known as diversifi ed (complementary) feeding. The latest recommendations of the ESPGHAN Committee (European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) regarding the moment of switching from an exclusively milk diet to a diet which includes other foods is included in the period of time between week 17 and 26. The compliance and the collaboration of the family with the doctors are of paramount importance. Considering the present day open access to a lot of information, sometimes without any scientifi c basis, we believe it is opportune to review briefl y the main aspects of the complementary feeding according to the recommendations in the field

Video Distance Measurement Technique Using Least Squares Based Sharpness Cost Function

A wide range of precision applications requires video measuring systems that achieve a large number of successive measurements and deliver fast results. Their efficiency is essentially given by the technical performances of the used equipment and by the measurement technique on which they operate. In order to enhance the reliability of such a system, the paper presents a new method of measuring the distance with a single video camera intended to assess the distance at which the object of interest to the camera is located. The technique makes use of a least squares-based sharpness cost function and determines the distance between the camera and the object of interest by minimizing the least squares deviation of the current sharpness values from the sharpness values obtained by calibration. It involves the current sharpness calculation phase, the normalization phase, the phase of calculating the deviations of the current sharpness from the dependencies obtained by calibration and the phase of determining the minimum deviation index

ALIMENTAŢIA DIVERSIFICATĂ – SCURTĂ TRECERE ÎN REVISTĂ A UNOR PRINCIPII CORECTE PENTRU O SĂNĂTATE PE TERMEN LUNG

Nutriţia reprezintă totalitatea proceselor fi ziologice de asimilare şi degradare a alimentelor care au loc într-un organism, necesare creşterii şi dezvoltării. Se menţin de actualitate discuţiile asupra tendinţelor în alimentaţie, numeroase societăţi ştiinţifi ce şi comitete internaţionale dedicându-şi atenţia asupra impactului pe care alimentaţia corectă o are asupra creşterii şi dezvoltării armonioase, începând încă din viaţa intrauterină. Introducerea progresivă în alimentaţia sugarului, după vârsta de 4-6 luni, a alimentelor semisolide şi solide, ce înlocuiesc treptat prânzurile de lapte administrate anterior este cunoscută sub denumirea de alimentaţie diversifi cată (complementară). Ultimele recomandări ale Comitetului ESPGHAN (European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) privind momentul trecerii de la o alimentaţie exclusiv lactată la una care să conţină şi alte alimente sunt pentru intervalul de vârstă cuprins între săptămânile 17-26. O importanţă primordială o are complianţa şi colaborarea familiei cu medicii. Având în vedere posibilitatea ac - tuală de a accesa numeroase informaţii, uneori fără o bază ştiinţifi că, am considerat oportună o scurtă trecere în revistă a principalelor aspecte ale unei alimentaţii diversifi cate conform recomandărilor de specialitate

IRON DEFICIENCY AND IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA – A GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM

Iron deficiency is defined as a condition in which there is not an adequate iron level necessary to maintain the normal physiologic functions. Having the magnitude of epidemics, anemia is a global public health problem, which affects both the emerging countries and the developed ones, with major consequences for human health and for social and economic development. Nowadays, iron deficiency and especially iron-deficiency anemia, remains one of the most severe and important nutritional deficiencies. Each group of age is vulnerable. Infants, small children, pre-school children and teenagers show a higher risk of iron deficiency. Accordingly, the World Health Organization developed an ample package of public health measures that approaches all the aspects related to iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia. Trying to diminish the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has synthesized in 2014 the recommendations used also at present for martial prophylaxis