The Planning of Border Irrigation and A Graphical Evaluation to Supply Farmer Adaptation

Tava sulama yöntemi yüzey akış kayıplarını ortadan kaldırması nedeniyle su ve toprağın korunması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ancak derine sızma kayıplarının minimuma indirgenememesi yöntemin kritik bir noktasıdır. Her ne kadar planlanması ve uygulanması kolay bir yöntem olmasına rağmen, gerekli su- toprak özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve çiftçi bazında uygulanması aşamasında bir takım sorunlar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 13x25 m boyutlarında deneme parseli oluşturularak 1 L/s/m debi ile çalışma yapılmış, en/boy oranı 1/2 olabilen tavalarda %80 randımanı sağlayacak planlama kriterleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yöntemin çiftçiler tarafından kolay kullanımı sağlayacak pedotransfer ve grafiksel yaklaşımlardan yararlanılarak genel kullanım amaçlı bir alternatif ortaya konulmuştur.A basin irrigation method to eliminate losses due to runoff water and soil conservation is of great importance in terms. However, a method to minimize deep percolation losses is a critical point. Although an easy method for planning and implementation, there are some problems in necessary to determine water- soil properties and based farmers in the implementation stage. In this study the experiments by creating 13x25 m and 1 L/s/m has been working with the flow, the aspect ratio of 1/2 in 80% efficiency can be determined to ensure the planning criteria. Moreover, the method used by farmers to ensure easy use of pedotransfer and graphical approaches were put forward an alternative to the mainstream

Estimation of the phenolics content of St. John’s wort (Hyperıcum perforatum L.) grown under different water and salt levels based on reflectance spectroscopy

Abstract Accumulation of phenolics were examined in greenhouse-grown Hypericum perforatum plants as effected by three different salts which were MgSO4, CaCl2, and NaCl in the salt concentrations of 0.03 (control), 1, 2.5, 4, and 8 dS/m for each salt. Three different water stress levels, which were 80, 100, and 120% were applied to all three salts mentioned above. Multi regression analyses were performed to describe the effects of water stress and salt levels on phenolics accumulation. As a result of ANOVA and multi-regression analysis, it was found that there was close relationship between actual and predicted phenolic contents in Hypericum perforatum. HPLC analyses were used to determine quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercetin, hyperoside, rutin, and chologenic acid contents. The relationships between water stress and different salt levels, and phenolics accumulation were determined by spectral reflectance values. The r values for quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercetin, hyperoside, rutin, and chologenic acid were determined as 0.83, 0.82, 0.91, 0.88, 0.84, and 0.87, respectively. All r-values and standard errors of the equations were found to be significant at the p&lt;0.001 level.</p

Evaluation of success in land consolidation projects by different indicators

This study was carried out in 20 neighborhoods of Samsun province at Bafra district, 10 villages of Centre of Amasya province, 2 villages in Göynücek district, 10 villages in Gümüşhacıköy district, 14 villages of Sinop province at Boyabat district, 1 village in center of district and 3 villages in Durağan district. In order to evaluate the success of the consolidation projects, a total of 60 projects was performed by taking into consideration of different criteria. In addition to that, in this research it was also aimed to put a new approach about this area. Mainly the Consolidation Ratio (TO) based on the number of plots and previous and after of project status were determined in terms of a total of 17 parameters. Within the concept of this study, different criteria were examined in order to achieve success in consolidation studies and performance evaluation was also made with some new criteria. For this purpose, some data for the land consolidation projects covering 60 villages / neighborhoods were used for 6 districts of Samsun, Sinop and Amasya provinces. As a result of the study, the relationship between TO and the ratio of the average Plot size (OBP) before and after consolidation study was found as TO = -72.013 x OPB + 86.587 (R2 = 0.92), while the highest correlation was found between Average Plot Number Per Owner (MDOPA), Total of Distances to Center of the Village to the Every Plots (PCMUT), Consolidation Rate (TO), Unit Area Loss (BAK), Total Plot Perimeter (PÇT), Number of Plots with Single Owner (TPS), Unit Perimeter (BÇ) and Average Plot Size (OPB), The Number of Plots According to Field Size Ranges (PBS), The Number of Owners in Single-Owned Plots (TPMS), The Total Distance of Every Owners in Every Plots to Center of the Village (MKMUT), The Average Number of Shares for Per Owners (MDOHS), The Plots Number Status for Owners (MPD), The Total Area of Single-Owned Plots (TPA), The Total Number of Corner Points in Plots (NST) respectively. Moreover, it was detected the lowest relation between Consolidation Ratio and The Consolidation Ratio in Terms of Number of Shares (HSTO

Effective engineering properties in the design of storage structures of postharvest dry bean grain

Selected engineering properties (physical and mechanical) of dry bean under non-irrigation and drip-irrigation were determined and compared. These properties are necessary for the design of equipments for harvesting, processing, transporting, estimating loads in storage structures for crops and flow problems in silos such as arching, ratholing, irregular flow and segregation. Some engineering characteristics such as: average length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, thousand grain mass (M1000), bulk and true densities, porosity, angle of internal friction, static coefficient of friction, Poisson ratio and pressure ratio were studied. The highest average values for physical properties were recorded at drip-irrigation, the lowest average values at non-irrigation. Differences between both irrigation systems for physical properties were statistically significant, but differences for sphericity of irrigation systems were not significant. The highest average values for mechanical properties (angle of internal friction, static coefficient of friction and pressure ratio) were recorded at drip-irrigation, the lowest average values at non-irrigation. Differences between both irrigation systems for mechanical properties were statistically significant. According to the research results, it is recommended the use of the data obtained from the drip-irrigated plots in the design of handling equipments and storage facilities for dry bean

Effect of Salt Stress and Irrigation Water on Growth and Development of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

This study was conducted to assess the influence of different salinity and irrigation water treatments on the growth and development of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Five salinity levels (0.4, 1.00, 2.50, 4.00 and 8.00 dSm-1) and three different irrigation water regimes (80, 100, 120% of full irrigation) were applied in a factorial design with three replications. Dry root weight, aerial part dry weight and aerial part/root ratio were determined and evaluated as experimental parameters at the end of growing period. Results revealed significant decreases in yields with increasing salinity levels. However, basil managed to survive high salt stress. With increasing salinity levels, decreases in growth were higher in roots than in leaves. Changes in the amount of irrigation water also significantly affected the evaluated parameters

The effects of salt and drought stress on phenolic accumulation in greenhouse-grown Hypericum pruinatum

Hypericum pruinatum is a medicinal herb containing several bioactive compounds with important pharmacological activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of the salt (0.03 - control, 1, 2.5, 4 and 8 dS m–1 of MgSO4, CaCl2 and NaCl salts) and drought stress (80, 100 and 120% of required water) on the content of phenolic compounds, namely chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercetine, quercitrine and quercetine in greenhouse grown plantlets. In general, the salt stress especially in elevating doses increased the levels of all of the compounds analysed, whereas drought stress did not cause a significant chance in chemical content of the plantlets. The present results indicated that abiotic stress factors, particularly salinity, have a marked influence on the content of phenolic constituents in H. pruinatum and it is a salt tolerant species. The results also indicated that phenolic compounds play significant physiological role in salinity tolerance