Comparison of intradermal skin tests with allergen specific Ig E levels in the diagnosis of dogs with atopic dermatitis

Bu çalışma, kaşıntı şikayeti ile getirilen, klinik olarak atopi şüpheli olan köpeklerde klinik tablonun, ntradermal deri testi ( DDT) ve Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) testi uygulanarak Bursa bölgesinde atopiye neden olan allerjenlerin belirlenmesi,ELISA testi ile elde edilen sonuçların intradermal deri testi sonuçları ile karşılaştırılarak sensitivite-spesifitesi değerlendirilerek, bu testlerin tanıda kullanılabilirliklerinin belirlenmesi amacı ile yapıldı.Çalışmanın materyalini, değişik ırk ve yaş, 26 erkek, 24 dişi olmak üzere toplam 50 köpek oluşturmuştur. Atopi şüpheli köpeklerin klinik muayenelerinin yapılması ve spesifiktanısal testler temelinde olası hastalıklar (piyoderma, uyuz, dermatomikoz ve gıda alerjisi v.b)elimine edildi. Allerjenler, Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Allerji Bilim Dalının önerileri doğrultusunda ve daha önce Bursa bölgesinde köpekler üzerinde yapılan bir çalışma temelinde belirlendi. Bu çalışmada kullanılan allerjen ekstraktları toplam 18 allerjen (Çayırotu, söğüt, ısırgan otu, kayın, meşe, çınar, ot miks, pire, köpek epiteli, kedi epiteli, insanepiteli, kümes hayvanları, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillum notatum, ev tozu akarları, küfmiks, koyun yünü, pamuk) ile bir pozitif kontrol ve bir negatif kontrol solusyonunu içeriyordu.Serum örneklerinden, ELISA testi ile allerjen spesifik Ig E tayinleri yapıldı.Çalışmada kullanılan tüm köpeklerin intradermal deri testinde kullanılan allerjenler denen az birine veya daha fazlasına pozitif reaksiyon verdikleri saptandı. Çalışmada koyun epiteline % 70 (n:35), ev tozu akarlarına % 66 (n: 33), pireye % 48 (n:24), pamuğa % 46 (n:23), insan epiteline % 32 (n: 16), küf mikse % 24 (n: 12), Penicillum notatum'a % 24 (n: 12),köpek epiteline % 18 (n: 9), meşeye % 14 (n: 7), söğüt ağacına % 12 (n: 6), kedi epiteline %10 (n:5), Aspergillus fumigatus'a % 8 (n: 4), çınar ağacına % 6 (n: 3), ısırgan otuna % 6 (n:3), kanatlı tüy mikse % 6 (n: 3), çayır otuna % 6 (n: 3) ve ot miske karşı % 2 (n: 1) oranındapozitif reaksiyon tespit edildi. DDT sonuçlarına göre kayın ağacına karşı hiç pozitifreaksiyon elde edilmedi.Bu çalışmada, in vitro test sonuçları sırası ile ev tozu akarına % 72 (n: 36), koyun yününe % 32 (n: 16), pamuğa % 16 (n: 8), küf mikse % 16 (n: 8), meşe ağacına % 8 (n: 4), otmikse % 6 (n: 3), söğüt ağacına % 6 (n: 3), , kayın ağacına % 6 (n: 3), pireye % 6 (n: 3), insanepiteline karşı % 4 (n: 2), çınar ağacına % 2 (n: 1), ısırgan otuna % 2 (n: 1), çayır otuna % 2(n: 1), köpek epiteline % 2 (n: 1) ve oranlarında pozitif yanıt alınmıştır. Aspergillusfumigatus, Penicillum notatum, kanatlı tüy miks ve kedi epiteline karşı ELISA test sonuçlarına göre negatif sonuç alınmıştır. ntradermal deri testi sonuçları ile karşılaştırılarak, serolojik monoklonal Ig E testininsensitivite ve spesifitesinin sırası ile % 0-82 ve % 29-100 olduğu belirlendi.Sonuç olarak atopi şüpheli olguların tanısında anamnez ve klinik bulgularla birleştirildiğinde, Willemse'nin kriterlerinin klinik açıdan yadsınamayacak bir öneme sahip olduğu, intradermal deri testinin hala altın standart olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği,ELISA testi sensitivite ve spesifitesinin ise ev tozu akarları açısından yüksek olduğu ancak genel olarak irdelendiğinde bu iki test arasındaki korelasyonun oldukça düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical features of atopy ; the prevalance ofcausative allergens in Bursa region with Intradermal skin test and ELISA in pruritic dogssuspected with atopy. Sensitivity and spesifity of ELISA test results determinated bycomparing these results with the results obtained by the intradermal skin test (IDST) as aresult the role of these tests in the diagnosis of atopy was evaluated.A total of 50 dogs in different breeds, ages and sexes (26 male and 24 female) were usedas material. After clinical examination and ruling out other differentials (e.g.; pyoderma ,scabies, dermatomycosis and food allergy) based on diagnostic work-up, intradermal skintests were performed on the dogs suspected of atopy.Allergens were selected based on the recommendation of Department of Allergy ofFaculty of Medicine, Uludağ University and a previous study on dogs in Bursa region. In thestudy, 18 allergens (timoty, willow, stinging nettle, beech, oak, plane tree, grass mix, flea, dogepithelium, cat epithelium, human epithelium, poultry mix, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillumnotatum, house dust mite, mould mix, sheep wool, and cotton) with one positive control andone negative control were used.Allergen specific Ig E levels were determined by ELISA from sera samples.It was determined that all the dogs in the study had one or more positive reaction forselected allergens used in IDST. In the study, positive reaction ratios were; 70 % (n:35) forsheep wool, 66 % (n: 33) for house dust mites, 46 % (n: 23) for cotton, 48 % (n:24) for flea,32 % (n: 16) for human epithelium, 24 % (n: 12) for mould mix, 24 % (n: 12) for Penicillumnotatuma, 14 % (n: 7) for oak, 8 % (n: 4) for Aspergillus fumigatus, 12 % (n: 6) for willow,10 % (n:5) for cat epithelium, 18 % (n: 9) for dog epithelium, 6 % (n: 3) for plane tree, 6 %(n: 3) for stinging nettle, 6 % (n: 3) for poultry mix, 6 % (n: 3) for timoty and 2 % (n: 1) forgrass mix. According to IDST, positive reaction was not determined for beech.In the study, the ratio of positive responses in in-vitro tests were; 2 % (n: 1) for timoty, 6% (n: 3) for grass mix, 2 % (n: 1) for stinging nettle, 6 % (n: 3) for willow, 2 % (n: 1) forplane tree, 8 % (n: 4) for oak, 6 % (n: 3) for beech, 16 % (n: 8) for mould mix, 6 % (n: 3) forflea, 72 % (n: 36) for house dust mite, 32 % (n: 16) for sheep wool, 16 % (n: 8) for cotton, 2II% (n: 1) for dog epithelium and 4 % (n: 2) for human epithelium. According to the results ofELISA test, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillum notatum, poultry mix and cat epithelium werefound as negative.Sensitivity and specifity of serologic monoclonal Ig E test were 0-82 % and 29-100 %respectively based on the IDST results.As a result, it was determinated that criterias of Willemse correlated with history andclinical findings are clinically important in the diagnosis of cases with suspected atopy, IDSTresults should be considered as the sole gold standard in diagnosis of atopy. Even thoughthe sensitivity and the specifity of ELISA test were higher for house dust mite, in general, itwas concluded that the correlation between these two tests were very low

Immune response of cattle to botulinum type C and D toxoid administered on three occasions

The aims of the present study were to investigate the antibody response of cows from an outbreak region to vaccination with a bivalent botulinum toxoid (Type C and D) on three occasions and to investigate the antibody response to vaccination with the botulinum toxoid in the presence of anti-BoNT antibodies. Twenty-two cows from an outbreak region and 10 cows from a farm without a history of botulism were used in this study. Blood samples were collected before each vaccination and three weeks after the third vaccination (days 0, 21, 42 and 63). The level of anti-BoNT/C antibodies steadily increased after each vaccination (0.471 +/- 0.04, 0.566 +/- 0.03 and 0.663 +/- 0.04, respectively); however, the levels of anti-BoNT/ D antibodies were not significantly different after the second and third vaccinations (0.377 +/- 0.03, 0.493 +/- 0.03 and 0.465 +/- 0.03, respectively). Post vaccination antibody responses of animals found positive and negative for anti-BoNT antibodies at the beginning of the study were similar. The results of the present study indicated that vaccination of cattle with botulinum toxoid on three occasions is recommended, particularly in outbreaks that are suspected to be caused by BoNT/C and that presence of naturally acquired antibodies against BoNT did not interfere with post vaccination immune response.Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkınma Bakanlığ

IGF-1 and GH alterations in lambs with intestinal inflammation

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) acts on the development of internal organs such as the small intestine and muscle in all animal species. Similar to IGF-1, GH is also essential for growth and is an effective hormone on intestinal development during neonatal period. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diarrhea on IGF-1 and GH hormones in lambs with intestinal inflammation up to 63 days of age. The study material consisted of 15 healthy and 15 diarrheic lambs. Blood and fecal samples were collected on the first day of life and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 35th, 49th and 63rd postnatal days consecutively. Diarrhea was observed on 6 animals on the 7th day and 9 animals on 14th day visitation. IGF-1 showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) between diarrheic and healthy animals on all measurement days. A significant association was found between the cut-off values determined after ROC analysis of the 7th day (Sens: 93.33%, Spec: 66.67%, P = 0.004) and 14th day (Sens: 73.33%, Spec: 80%, P = 0.0002) values of IGF-1 and diarrhea. Considering 14th day of IGF-1, a logistic regression analysis was performed, the risk of diarrhea is OR = 7.00 times higher if the concentration of the parameter is above the cut-off value. ROC analysis also showed significant cut-off values for GH on 14th day. In terms of sensitivity, the highest value was IGF-1's 7th day value, therefore it can be preferred for the determination of intestinal inflammation in cases with diarrhea. As a general evaluation, it is seen that the highest performance was given by the 7th day IGF-1 values according to the Youden's J index. In conclusion, elevations in IGF-1 and GH concentrations may be associated with intestinal inflammation. The inducing effect of the inflammatory response on IGF-I and GH may strengthen the relationship between the two parameters

The detection and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma phagocytophilum-like 1, A. ovis and A. capra in sheep: A. capra divides into two genogroups

WOS:000860413000001PubMed ID36167934In this study, the presence, prevalence, and genotypes of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. ovis, and A. capra in sheep were investigated based on 16 S SSU rRNA, groEL, and gtlA gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. The sequences of the genes were used for detection of the phylogenetic position of the species. Additionally, a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were carried out for discrimination of A. phagocytophilum and related variants (A. phagocytophilum-like 1 and 2). The prevalence of Anaplasma spp. was found as 25.8% (101/391), while it was found that A. ovis, A. phagocytophilum-like 1, and A. capra are circulating in the sheep herds in Kyrgyzstan, according to the PCRs, RFLP and the partial DNA sequencing results. The positivity rates of A. phagocytophilum-like 1, A. ovis, and A. capra genotype-1 were 6.9, 22.5, and 5.3%, respectively. A total of 32 (8.2%) sheep were found to be mix infected. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparison with those available in the GenBank showed that A. capra formed two distinct genetic groups (A. capra genotype-1 and A. capra genotype-2). Considering the zoonotic potential of these species, it may be necessary to make changes in the interpretation of anaplasmosis cases in animals and there is a need for further studies to determine the pathogenicity of the species/genotypes circulating in animals