Data games. Sharing public goods with exclusion.

A group of agents considers collaborating on a project which requires putting together elements owned by some of them. These elements are pure public goods with exclusion i.e. nonrival but excludable goods like for instance knowledge, data or information, patents or copyrights. The present paper addresses the question of how should agents be compensated for the goods they own. It is shown that this problem can be framed as a cost sharing game – called "data game" – to which standard cost sharing rules like the Shapley value or the nucleolus can then be applied and compared.cost sharing, compensation, Shapley value.

Data games. Sharing public goods with exclusion

A group of agents considers collaborating on a project which requires putting together elements owned by some of them. These elements are pure public goods with exclusion i.e. nonrival but excludable goods like for instance knowledge, data or information, patents or copyrights. The present paper addresses the question of how should agents be compensated for the goods they own. It is shown that this problem can be framed as a cost sharing game - called ‘data game’ - to which standard cost sharing rules like the Shapley value or the nucleolus can then be applied and compared.Cost sharing, compensation, Shapley value

Data games: Sharing public goods with exclusion.

A group of firms decides to cooperate on a project that requires a combination of inputs held by some of them. These inputs are non-rival but excludable goods i.e. public goods with exclusion such as knowledge, data or information, patents or copyrights. We address the question of how firms should be compensated for the inputs they contribute. We show that this problem can be framed within a cost sharing game whose Shapley comes out as a natural solution. The main result concerns the regular structure of the core that enables a simple characterization of the nucleolus. However, compared to the Shapley value, the nucleolus defines compensations that appear to be less appropriate in the context of data sharing. Our analysis is inspired by the problem faced by the European chemical firms within the regulation program REACH that requires submission by 2018 of a detailed analysis of the substances they produce, import or use.cost sharing, Shapley value, core, nucleolus.

The Social Production of Pleasure and Sexual Risk Behavior: A Qualitative Examination of Collective Sex Venues in New York City

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals who attend collective sex venues (CSV) have been found to be at higher odds for engaging in behaviors that may pose risk of HIV transmission. Public health research and sexual health promotion strategies at CSVs might benefit from a deeper analysis of the relationship between pleasure and the socio-sexual configuration of spaces for collective sex. This study investigated how pleasure is experienced by CSV attendees, and how the production of pleasure shapes sexual risk behaviors through in-depth qualitative interviews with 30 SGM individuals who attended CSVs in New York City. Interviews with participants found that pleasure is a central motivator for CSV attendance. Beyond the physical feeling of pleasure from sex, participants also described feeling pleasure from spatial characteristics of CSVs, perceptions of CSVs as safe spaces, substance use, or the overall direct access that CSVs provide to a higher quantity of sexual partners. Sexual health promotion programs that are tailored for CSV-specific contexts could benefit from creating a value for pleasure, and lead to the development of appealing, acceptable and feasible interventions for CSV attendees

Resveratrol: A Focus on Several Neurodegenerative Diseases

Molecules of the plant world are proving their effectiveness in countering, slowing down, and regressing many diseases. The resveratrol for its intrinsic properties related to its stilbene structure has been proven to be a universal panacea, especially for a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. This paper evaluates (in vivo and in vitro) the various molecular targets of this peculiar polyphenol and its ability to effectively counter several neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. What emerges is that, in the deep heterogeneity of the pathologies evaluated, resveratrol through a convergence on the protein targets is able to give therapeutic responses in neuronal cells deeply diversified not only in morphological structure but especially in their function performed in the anatomical district to which they belong

Sexual and gender minority individuals’ interest in sexual health services at collective sex venues in New York City

Sexual and gender minority individuals who attend collective sex venues (CSVs; establishments where people can have sex in groups or the presence of others) are at elevated risk for HIV and STIs. On-site sexual health interventions have been attempted at CSVs, but attendees’ interest in receiving such services is under-investigated. This paper presents results from a 2020 online cross-sectional survey completed by 342 sexual and gender minority individuals who attended CSVs in New York City. Interest in services such as on-site testing for STIs, testing vans near CSVs, and informational referrals was overall high, particularly among younger participants. Among participants who reported being HIV negative, those of younger age and those who were not using PrEP reported being more likely to take an HIV test if it would be offered at CSVs. In open-text survey responses, participants expressed interest in CSVs providing free prevention services such as HIV/STI testing, PEP, PrEP, and STI medications or vaccination, as well as in ways to improve norms surrounding condom use and consent at these venues. Some participants expressed barriers to on-site services such as privacy concerns, preexisting access to health services, an emphasis on personal responsibility, and negative reactions to the presence of service providers. However, some participants also felt that these services could be delivered in a positive, acceptable, and non-judgmental way, especially by involving CSV organizers and attendees in their implementation. Findings from this study can inform future initiatives to develop sexual health interventions at CSVs

Compliance with the breakthrough cancer pain European guidelines and impact on patients' quality of life: an observational prospective study

IntroductionThis study aimed to assess the percentage of patients treated according to the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) 2018 guidelines for breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) and the impact of guidelines adherence on patients' quality of life (QoL).MethodsAdult opioid-tolerant patients diagnosed with BTcP and locally advanced or recurrent metastatic cancer with a life expectancy of >3 months prospectively were included. Patients were followed up for 28 days.ResultsOf 127 patients included, 37 were excluded due to the impossibility to establish adherence to the ESMO guidelines. Among the evaluable patients [51.1% female; with mean (SD) age of 66.4 (11.8) years], all were adherent. BTcP was diagnosed by the Association for Palliative Medicine algorithm in 47.8% of patients and by clinical experience in 52.2% of patients. The mean number of daily BTcP episodes ranged between 1 and 8, with a mean (95% CI) severity of 7.3 (7.0; 7.6) at week 0 and 6.2 (5.8; 6.6) at week 4. Time to maximum pain intensity was 3–15 min in 52.2% of patients, and BTcP lasted 30–60 min in 14.4% of patients at week 0 and 4.4% of patients at week 4. Mean (95% CI) treatment effectiveness was 6.6 (6.1; 7.1) at week 0 and 7.4 (7.0; 7.8) at week 4. Median (Q1–Q3) patients' global impression of clinical condition was 4.0 (4.0–4.0) at week 0 and 3.0 (2.0–3.0) at week 4.ConclusionA clear BTcP assessment and strict follow-up could be crucial to guidelines adherence and for patient's QoL