Hechos vitales de cambio y bienestar: un estudio retrospectivo con jóvenes adultos españoles comparando listas de hechos estresantes con el recuerdo libre codificado de hechos de cambio en el último año

In this article we review the literature over life events and their impact on well-being. The temporal period of impact, the impact differences according to the valence or whether the events are positive or negative, as well as their relationship with the hedonic and eudaemonic well-being is reviewed. Likewise, the influence of personality, age, gender, and social status is reviewed in the life events experience. In an empirical study with two samples of the Basque Country, we examined the free remembering of life events in the last year in one sample, and the recognition of them in the other one. A list of life events inspired on Holmes and Rahe Abstract(1967) and a categorization code-list remembered from the CEVI program. It is described examining its content validity. 14 events that were present in both samples were compared. As usual, in memory studies, recognition is greater than remembering/memory (10 times greater). The evaluations of the valence of the remembered and recognized events do not differ. The percentage of memory andrecognition are positively associated (r = .32).The association between life events and well-being is stronger when the data are collected by recognition, in the case of negative effects. The recognized negative life events and the valuation of these are associated with lowest well-being. The positive life events remembered are associated with greater well- being, confirming the construct validity. Evaluation is associated more strongly than the frequency of events with well-being. Resultsare discussed based on the relationship between life events and well-being.En este artículo revisamos la literatura sobre hechos de cambio durante el curso de la vida y su impacto en el bienestar. Se revisó el periodo temporal de impacto, las diferencias de impacto según la valencia, o si los hechos fueron positivos o negativos, así como su relación con el bienestar hedónico y eudaimónico. Asimismo, se revisó la influencia de la personalidad, edad, género y el estatus social en la vivencia de hechos vitales. Es un estudio empírico, con dos muestras del País Vasco; en una se examina el recuerdo libre de hechos de cambio el último año, en la otra el reconocimiento de los mismos. Se describe una lista de hechos de cambio inspirada en Holmes y Rahe (1967) y una rejilla de categorización de hechos de cambio recordados del programa CEVI, examinando su validez de contenido. Se compararon 14 hechos que estaban presentes en ambas muestras. Como es habitual en estudios de memoria, el reconocimiento es mayor que el recuerdo (diez veces mayor). La evaluación de la valencia de los hechos recordados y reconocidos no difirieron. El porcentaje de recuerdo y reconocimiento se asocian positivamente (r= .32). La asociación entre la frecuencia de hechos de cambio y bienestar es más fuerte cuando los datos se recogen por reconocimiento, en el caso de los hechos negativos, aunque similar cuando se basa en la valoración de estos. Los hechos de cambio negativos reconocidos y la valoración de éstos se asocian a menor bienestar. Los hechos de cambio positivos recordados se asocian a mayor bienestar, confirmando la validez de constructo. La valoración se asocia más fuertemente que la frecuencia de hechos al bienestar. Se discuten los resultados en base a la relación entre hechos de cambio y bienestar

Capacidad de esfuerzo en snowboarders : diferencias individuales en una prueba de máximo esfuerzo en half-pipe

El propósito de esta investigación es analizar y valorar la capacidad de realizar esfuerzos de los snowboarders, en una prueba específica. Evaluaremos dicha capacidad de trabajo individual a través de la Frecuencia cardiaca (FC), del Esfuerzo Percibido (REP) y del Nivel de Fatiga Percibida (NFP), en la modalidad de Half-Pipe. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, valorativo y correlacional de diseno cuasiexperimental unifactorial multivariado, con una muestra de n=5 sujetos, que constituyen la totalidad del equipo Olímpico espanol de Snowboard. La prueba disenada ad hoc se ha realizado a 3.000 m. en el glaciar de Tignes. Las conclusiones de este estudio demuestran 1) que es posible realizar una investigación de campo en la que se cuantifique la intensidad de la tarea, y 2) que para valorar el esfuerzo debemos combinar variables fisiológicas y psicológicas. Finalmente se plantea la importancia del Nivel de Fatiga Percibida, como instrumento predictivo en el proceso de toma de decisiones.The goal of this study is to analyze and evaluate snowboarders' effort capacity using a specific test. The individual's effort capacity was assessed using Heart Rate, Perceived Effort and Perceived Fatigue in the Half-Pipe. This is a descriptive, evaluative and correlational study with quasi-experimental unifactorial multivariate design. N=5 constitutes the entire Spanish Olympic Snowboard team. The test, which was specifically designed for the study, was conducted on the Tignes glacier, at an altitude of 3000 m. The conclusions of the study are that it is possible to conduct a field study quantifying task intensity and that both physiological and psychological variables must be used in order to evaluate effort. Finally, the relevance of the Perceived Fatigue construct is discussed as predictive of the decision making process

Un Modelo de medida de la Inteligencia Emocional percibida en contextos deportivo/competitivos

El objetivo del presente trabajo ha consistido en obtener evidencias de validez de constructo y fiabilidad de un cuestionario de Inteligencia Emocional en el Deporte en una muestra de 656 deportistas nacionales (360 hombres y 296 mujeres). Se dividió la muestra en dos partes y se llevó a cabo un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio para construir un modelo teórico inicial y posteriormente se llevó a cabo un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Se llegó a un modelo de 31 ítems y 5 factores de primer orden. Los resultados para los indicadores más habituales de ajuste global fueron: RMSR =.08, GFI = .93; AGFI = .92 y PNFI = .81. Mientras que los valores de consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach oscilaron desde .86 hasta .64.The aim of this study was to obtain evidence of the construct validity and reliability of an 'Emotional Intelligence in Sports' questionnaire, using a sample of 656 national athletes (360 male and 296 female). The sample was divided into two parts and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to construct an initial theoretical model. This was followed by a confirmatory factor analysis. A model with 31 items and 5 first-order factors was obtained. The values that were obtained for the most common global goodness-of-fit indices were as follows: RMSR = .08, GFI = .93; AGFI = .92 and PNFI = .81, while the internal consistency values of Cronbach's alpha ranged from .86 to .64

Social climate in university classrooms: A mindfulness-based educational intervention

[EN] There is a limited number of studies on the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on university students and their positive effect on collective experiences of shared flow. The aim of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of mindfulness training in terms of reducing stress and enhancing well-being, experiences of shared flow and classroom climate (engagement and affiliation). The intervention and control groups were matched by age and sex (n = 125; M = 20.71, SD = 4.60, 68% women). The intervention group comprised mindfulness exercises performed in the classroom over the course of 7 weeks. The principal variables were measured at pretest and posttest, and shared flow was also measured in the intervention group. In comparison with the control group, statistically significant differences were observed in the intervention group in relation to mindfulness, perceived stress, and classroom climate (affiliation). Furthermore, the perception of shared flow among students increased from the beginning to the end of the program. Mindfulness skills were found to mediate improvements in perceived well-being and stress. It is concluded that mindfulness practice can turn learning into a challenging and shared task. The study highlights the importance of fostering programs that enhance the development of competencies related to mindfulness among university students.Hezkuntza, Hizkuntza Politika Eta Kultura Saila, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Grant/Award Number: IT-1187-19; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci~on y Universidades, Grant/Award Number: PSI2017-84145-

Relationship between the ratio of fish to meat consumption and diet adequacy and quality in university young women

9 p.[ES] Introducción: En las poblaciones occidentales el consumo de pescado es menor que el de carnes y esto puede influir en la calidad de la dieta total. Objetivo: Comprobar si la relación entre el consumo de pescado y carne está vinculada con la adecuación y calidad de la dieta en un grupo de mujeres universitarias. Participantes y métodos: En este estudio participaron un total de 47 mujeres de la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) con una edad media fue de 19,6+/-1,2 años. La ingesta dietética se evaluó con un cuestionario de frecuencias de consumo validado. A partir de los datos cuantitativos de consumo se calculó la ingesta de energía y nutrientes, utilizando el programa CESNID. Se estimaron dos índices de calidad de la dieta: el índice pescado/carne y el Índice de Alimentación Saludable para población española (IASE). El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS versión 21.0. Resultados: El índice pescado/carne fue de 0,4 y la mayoría de las participantes (91,5%) consumían más carnes que pescado. Las universitarias que tenían mayores ingestas de pescado consumían más fruta y menos dulces. El índice pescado/carne se asoció positivamente con mayores puntuaciones en muchos de los componentes del IASE y con mayor adecuación en la ingesta de algunos nutrientes: proteínas, niacina, potasio, hierro, zinc, vitamina D, E, tiamina, riboflavina, piridoxina, vitamina B12 y C. Conclusión: Un mayor consumo de pescado que de carne está relacionado con un mejor perfil dietético en el consumo de ciertos alimentos y nutrientes, en la muestra estudiada.[EN] Introduction: In Western populations fish consumption is lower than meat consumption and this fact can influence on the total diet quality. Objective: Verify if the relationship between the ratio of fish to meat consumption and diet adequacy and quality in a group of women university students. Participants and methods: 47 women of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) took part in this study; the mean age was 19.6+/-1.2 years. Dietary intake was evaluated with a food frequency questionnaire validated. From quantitative data on food, energy and nutrients intake were estimated by CESNID software. Two diet quality indices were also calculated: the ratio of fish to meat consumption and the Healthy Eating Index for Spanish diet (HEISD). Statistical analyses were carried out using the SPSS 21.0 software package. Results: The ratio of fish to meat was 0.4 and the majority of the participants (91.5%) eaten more meat than fish. The university students with a high intake of fish were eating more fruit and less sweets. The ratio fish/meat was associated positively with the scores of some components of the HEISD and with the intake of some nutrients: proteins, niacin, potassium, iron, zinc, vitamin D, E, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin B12 and C. Conclusion: A higher consumption of fish than meat was associated with a better dietary profile in the consumption of some foods and nutrients, in the sample studied

Superordinate identities and self-transcendent emotions: Longitudinal study in Spain and Chile

Recent studies suggest that identification with all humanity (IWAH), apart from being related to universalistic values, could also be related to self-transcendent emotions (STE). In this scenario, the general objective of this cross-cultural longitudinal study is to examine the relationship between identification with proximate categories (i.e., community and country) and superordinate one (all humanity), and their association with positive self-oriented and STEs during a traumatic global phenomenon such as COVID-19 pandemics. Additionally, we explore variations regarding the patterns of those associations in different cultural contexts (Chile and Spain) and examine whether they change among two different time points (T1-T2). The total sample was composed of 403 participants, of whom 224 were residents in Chile (M = 39.25, SD = 12.56; range 18-71 years; 49.6% women) and 179 were residents in Spain (M = 36.35, SD = 12.12; range 18-68 years; 59.8% women). Data collection was carried out in September (T1) and November (T2) 2020, through online surveys administered via Survey Monkey(R) platform. Overall, results show, as expected, greater identification with proximate categories rather than superordinate ones, and an association between STEs and IWAH, but also with national and community identification. IWAH, but not STEs decreased significantly (T1-T2) in both countries. Thereafter, these emotional and behavioral responses decline as a symptom of growing fatigue with the pandemic situation, and also reflect a shift from broader to more local concerns. Analysis regarding comparisons between countries indicated higher levels of identification with community and with all humanity in Spain and with country in Chile. The results are discussed in the context of new developments in studies on IWAH.This work was supported by FONDECYT Iniciación N°11190980 granted to AW; by Project INNES of MINEDUC ref. UCN19101, PEI UCN, granted to AW, DD, FB, and AL; and by Postdoctoral Research Grant (MARSA22/43) from the University of the Basque Country, funded by The Spanish Ministry of Universities and European Union-Next GenerationEU granted to LM. As well as by funds granted to the Research Group: Culture, Cognition and Emotion (CCE), by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ref. PID2020-115738GB-I00), and by the Basque Government (Ref. IT1598-22)

Nutritional quality and carbon footprint of university students’ diets: results from the EHU12/24 study

Objective: To evaluate diets in terms of nutritional characteristics and quality from the perspectives of health, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and possible associations with each other in a representative sample of students at a public university. Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary intake was evaluated with a validated FFQ, and diet quality was assessed through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) and MedDietScore (MDS). GHGE data were obtained from the literature. In addition, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and body fat (BF) status were analysed as covariates. Setting: Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. Participants: Totally, 26 165 healthy adults aged 18-28 years. Results: Student diets were characterised by low consumption of carbohydrates (38 center dot 72 % of total energy intake (TEI)) and a high intake of lipids (39 center dot 08 % of TEI). Over half of the participants had low dietary quality. The low-emitting diets were more likely to be consumed by subjects with low HEI-2010 scores (beta: 0 center dot 039 kg eCO(2)/1000 kcal/d) and high MDS scores (beta: -0 center dot 023 kg eCO(2)/1000 kcal/d), after controlling for sex, SES and BF status. Both the low-emitting and healthy diets were more likely to be consumed by women and by those with normal BF percentage. Conclusions: UPV/EHU university students' diets were characterised by moderate quality from a nutritional perspective and moderate variation in the size of carbon footprints. In this population, diets of the highest quality were not always those with the lowest diet-related GHGE; this relationship depended in part on the constructs and scoring criteria of diet quality indices used

On-campus food purchase behaviors, choice determinants, and opinions on food availability in a Spanish university community

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate food purchasing behaviors, choice determinants, and opin-ions about on-campus food availability by a university community and to analyze differences in these aspects between students, education and/or research staff (ERS), and administrative and services staff (ASS), and between males and females.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that involved a representative sample of students (n =1089), ERS (n = 396), and ASS (n = 300) who completed an anonymous online survey. A previously adapted version of the questionnaire was administered. The results were weighted to ensure representativeness of this commu-nity population using weighted coefficients.Results: The results showed that most of the participants purchased food on campus (91.6%), especially for lunch (67.4% of foods and 37.4% of drinks) and snack (65.4% of foods and 45.4% of drinks). Hot drinks (i.e., cof-fee, tea, hot chocolate etc.; 60.5%), bottled water (49.2%), and hot foods (i.e., small servings [38.2%] and sand-wiches/hamburgers [31.7%]) were the most purchased items. Taste (98.6%) was the most important determinant in choice, followed by price for students, nutritional value for ASS, and health value for ERS. The "top 5" opinions suggested for the campus food environment and potential changes were "greater capacity to access free filtered drinking water", "greater capacity to recycle food packaging," "more healthy options in vending machines", "discounts for healthy choices," and "allergen labeling."Conclusion: Interventions that improve sustainability and the affordability of products with high nutritional quality, price-manipulation directives, and allergen information on labeling would be well received among this community

Social class, well-being, and general affectivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibero-America

La actual pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto un marcado incremento de las brechas sociales preexistentes. En esta investigación analizamos las relaciones de diferentes facetas de clase social con el bienestar y afectividad general a lo largo de un total de 8 países de la región cultural iberoamericana. Asimismo, también pusimos a prueba el potencial rol mediador del riesgo percibido relativo a la COVID-19 y de la eficacia colectiva percibida. Los resultados obtenidos (a) revelaron que una clase social más baja se relacionó con un menor bienestar y afecto positivo, así como con un mayor afecto negativo; (b) confirmaron que la clase social subjetiva constituye un mejor predictor del bienestar y afectividad general que el nivel educativo (i.e., indicador de clase social objetiva); y (c) mostraron que los efectos de la clase social subjetiva en el bienestar/afectividad general se daban de forma indirecta a través del riesgo percibido y la eficacia colectiva. Estos hallazgos confirman la existencia de diferencias en bienestar y afectividad general en función de la clase social durante la pandemia, al tiempo que permiten avanzar en la com-prensión de los mecanismos psicosociales subyacentes.Esta investigación ha sido posible gracias a los Gobiernos de España (PID2020-115738GB-I0; PSI2017- 84145-P; PSI2017-83966-R) y País Vasco (IT1187-19; PRE_2017_1_0405), la Universidad del País Vasco (DOCREC20/23), CONICYT (72180394) y la Universidad Viña del Mar (FIIUVM-EN-1904)