Evaluación del profesorado universitario: enfoque metodológico y algunas aportaciones de la investigación

Puede resultarnos extraño tener que aceptar que, pese a los muchos estudios realizados, no existe en la actualidad un consenso amplio sobre lo que es un “buen profesor”. Y esta afirmación es, si cabe, más cierta al referirnos al profesor universitario, pues los desacuerdos comenzarían a aparecer al concretar las finalidades de la enseñanza universitaria. Este hecho nos muestra por qué la evaluación del profesorado universitario es un tema abierto, a debate permanente, en lo referido al conjunto de cuestiones metodológicas que orientan y guían su realización

Evaluación del profesorado universitario: enfoque metodológico y algunas aportaciones de la investigación

Puede resultarnos extraño tener que aceptar que, pese a los muchos estudios realizados, no existe en la actualidad un consenso amplio sobre lo que es un “buen profesor”. Y esta afirmación es, si cabe, más cierta al referirnos al profesor universitario, pues los desacuerdos comenzarían a aparecer al concretar las finalidades de la enseñanza universitaria. Este hecho nos muestra por qué la evaluación del profesorado universitario es un tema abierto, a debate permanente, en lo referido al conjunto de cuestiones metodológicas que orientan y guían su realización

Valoración del trabajo colaborativo en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en entornos escolares con alto nivel TIC

La investigación pretende conocer las concepciones de los profesores sobre el trabajo colaborativo (TC) como estrategia de aprendizaje en centros educativos con altas prestaciones tecnológicas y probar si el valor didáctico concedido al TC está condicionado por la práctica docente. La población a estudio queda definida por 185 profesores en ejercicio de Primaria y de Secundaria de centros educativos con alto nivel de acreditación TIC. Los datos se han obtenido a través de un cuestionario. Los resultados constatan una alta valoración del TC y evidencian que los docentes con mayor experiencia profesional en el uso del TC valoran mejor esta metodología.The aims of this research are to study teachers’ opinions about collaborative work as a learning methodology in schools with a high ICT level accreditation and to know if the methodological value that teachers give to collaborative work is conditioned by teaching practice. The study sample comprises 185 teachers from Primary and Secondary schools that have been accredited with a high level of ICT. Data was obtained through a questionnaire. The results show high values in collaborative work. We emphasize that the highest values are found along those teachers with longer experience in the practical usage of collaborative methodologies

Increased sensitivity to MPTP in human alpha-synuclein A30P transgenic mice

In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors have long been suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated the possible interaction between genetic factors and neurotoxins by testing whether alpha-synuclein A30P Tg5093 transgenic mice show increased sensitivity to secondary toxic insults like 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or rotenone. While sensitivity to chronic treatment with rotenone was not enhanced in the Tg5093 line, chronic treatment with 80 or 150 mg/kg MPTP resulted in increased deterioration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system as assessed by quantitation of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons and striatal dopamine (DA) levels in Tg5093 mice when compared to non-transgenic littermate controls. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate a role for the overexpression of mutant human alpha-synuclein A30P in increased vulnerability of DA neurons to MPTP

Increased sensitivity to MPTP in human alpha-synuclein A30P transgenic mice

In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors have long been suspected to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We investigated the possible interaction between genetic factors and neurotoxins by testing whether alpha-synuclein A30P Tg5093 transgenic mice show increased sensitivity to secondary toxic insults like 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or rotenone. While sensitivity to chronic treatment with rotenone was not enhanced in the Tg5093 line, chronic treatment with 80 or 150 mg/kg MPTP resulted in increased deterioration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system as assessed by quantitation of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons and striatal dopamine (DA) levels in Tg5093 mice when compared to non-transgenic littermate controls. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate a role for the overexpression of mutant human alpha-synuclein A30P in increased vulnerability of DA neurons to MPTP

Comprehensive analysis and insights gained from long-term experience of the Spanish DILI Registry

Altres ajuts: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Agencia Española del Medicamento; Consejería de Salud de Andalucía.Background & Aims: Prospective drug-induced liver injury (DILI) registries are important sources of information on idiosyncratic DILI. We aimed to present a comprehensive analysis of 843 patients with DILI enrolled into the Spanish DILI Registry over a 20-year time period. Methods: Cases were identified, diagnosed and followed prospectively. Clinical features, drug information and outcome data were collected. Results: A total of 843 patients, with a mean age of 54 years (48% females), were enrolled up to 2018. Hepatocellular injury was associated with younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per year 0.983; 95% CI 0.974-0.991) and lower platelet count (aOR per unit 0.996; 95% CI 0.994-0.998). Anti-infectives were the most common causative drug class (40%). Liver-related mortality was more frequent in patients with hepatocellular damage aged ≥65 years (p = 0.0083) and in patients with underlying liver disease (p = 0.0221). Independent predictors of liver-related death/transplantation included nR-based hepatocellular injury, female sex, higher onset aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin values. nR-based hepatocellular injury was not associated with 6-month overall mortality, for which comorbidity burden played a more important role. The prognostic capacity of Hy's law varied between causative agents. Empirical therapy (corticosteroids, ursodeoxycholic acid and MARS) was prescribed to 20% of patients. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis patients (26 cases) were mainly females (62%) with hepatocellular damage (92%), who more frequently received immunosuppressive therapy (58%). Conclusions: AST elevation at onset is a strong predictor of poor outcome and should be routinely assessed in DILI evaluation. Mortality is higher in older patients with hepatocellular damage and patients with underlying hepatic conditions. The Spanish DILI Registry is a valuable tool in the identification of causative drugs, clinical signatures and prognostic risk factors in DILI and can aid physicians in DILI characterisation and management. Lay summary: Clinical information on drug-induced liver injury (DILI) collected from enrolled patients in the Spanish DILI Registry can guide physicians in the decision-making process. We have found that older patients with hepatocellular type liver injury and patients with additional liver conditions are at a higher risk of mortality. The type of liver injury, patient sex and analytical values of aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin can also help predict clinical outcomes