Response of different electron beam melting produced Alloy 718 microstructures to thermal post-treatments

Electron beam melting (EBM) was used to produce Alloy 718 specimens with different microstructures (columnar, equiaxed and a combination thereof) by varying the process parameters. The present study aimed at assessing the response of such varying as-built microstructures to identical thermal post-treatments, which included hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) followed by heat treatment involving solution treatment and aging. The effect of these treatments on defect content, grain structure, hardness and phase constitution in the specimens was specifically analysed. Despite differences in defect content of as-built specimens with distinct microstructures, HIPing was effective in closing defects leading to samples exhibiting similar density. After HIPing, grains with equiaxed morphology or columnar grains with lower aspect ratio showed higher tendency for grain growth in comparison to the columnar grains with higher aspect ratio. The various factors affecting the stability of grains during HIPing of builds with distinct microstructures were investigated. These factors include texture, grain size, and secondary phase particles. The carbide sizes in the different as-built samples varied but were found to be largely unaffected by the post-treatments. Solution treatment following HIPing led to greater precipitation of grain boundary δ phase in regions with coarser grains than the smaller ones. After HIPing and heat treatment, all specimens exhibited similar precipitation of γ″ phase regardless of their grain morphology in the as-built condition

The periodic table: a window to the history of chemistry

The periodic table is central to chemistry education, and it can be just as central in exploring the inspiring history and evolution of chemistry as a subject. This article embarks on this historical journey, with the objective of showcasing its value for both teachers and students

UCL ChangeMakers projects: supporting staff/student partnership on educational enhancement projects

UCL ChangeMakers was established in 2014 to support students in undertaking educational en hancement work, with the aid of at least one staff partner. It has since grown with an aim of encouraging this approach to enhancing the learning experience across the whole institution. Any member of the learning community (students or staff) can apply fo r funding to undertake a project, though we encourage joint applications. All projects must be undertaken through staff/student partnership

Arterial Dissection in Antiphospholipid Syndrome Patients: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease which presents with thromboembolic disease, pregnancy complications and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. There are some reports of arterial dissections in different sites of the body associated with APS. We describe two patients with APS who developed ischaemic stroke as a result of vertebral artery dissection in the absence of acquired and genetic risk factors for arterial dissection. We also conducted a systematic review of the literature for cases of arterial dissection associated with APS. We suspect that APS may be a potential cause of vasculopathy and arterial dissection. Further research is needed to explore this possible association

Retrospective real-life efficacy assessment of teneligliptin in Indian T2DM patients

Background: Teneligliptin is been introduced recently in Indian market and data available are limited on Indian patients. Hence, the hospital based real life retrospective evaluation was planned out to evaluate, the efficacy of teneligliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian population. Hence study was designed, a retrospective evaluation, of efficacy of teneligliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian population.Methods: Data of 775 patients, who were prescribed teneligliptin was collected from hospital records. Teneligliptin 20mg was prescribed to all patients who were uncontrolled on other OHAs and for a mean duration of 8 weeks. Parameter evaluated in this study were change in FBG, PPBG and HbA1c from the baseline at 8week. With profile of outcome i.e. response and failure rates were also assessed with respect to age, gender, BMI and duration of diabetes.Results: Of 775 patients were enrolled, 427 were males and 348 females. The average age was 53.04 years among the study population. The mean duration of diabetes was 23 months. There was significant change in HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels at 8 week of teneligliptin therapy. Changes in HbA1c, FPG and PPG from baseline to end of study were-1.22±1.12% (p=0.001), -35.8±25.5mg/dl (p=0.001) and -60.7±28.6mg/dl (p=0.001) respectively. Out of 775 patients, 106 (13,7%) were non-responders where it was further sub analysed with different parameter such as age, gender, BMI and duration of diabetes in order to observe response of teneligliptin in diabetic patients.Conclusions: This real life retrospective evaluation showed efficacy of teneligliptin in real world scenario. It can be an effective alternative to conventional gliptins available for prescription in India

International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies An Interactive Answering System using Template Matching and SQL Mapping for Natural Language Processing

Abstract: Computers are considered as machines but they can answer the questions in a way just like the human beings can, which is an interesting but a challenging problem and such problems are handled under two categories: open domain problems and close domain problems. The problems which come under the close domain are the problems which are not available in public domain and therefore they cannot be searched using a search engine. Hence, the answers to such questions are maintained in a database by the domain expert. But to retrieve the answers, the challenge is to understand the questions so that the best matched answer can be searched from the database. Our problem comes under this domain and we are using template matching algorithm and SQL mapping to perform this matching. In addition, our target is to access the internet without having an actual internet connection on user's mobile phone. The user will be continuously updated through RSS feeds ,can send or check the mails and the user can search whatever he is interested in by just asking a question in natural or SMS language through our android application

Vitamin B12 insufficiency in excess folic acid downregulates methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and increases homocysteine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and oxidative stress in hepatocytes

OBJECTIVE: Folate and Vitamin B12 (B12) are crucial for normal growth, development, and cellular functions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of required and excess folic acid (FA) concentration and imbalance of FA and B12 caused due to folate fortification on hepatocytes health and function in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were cultured in FA and B12 deficient media for 15 days and further were supplemented with required FA: (6 μM) and excess FA: (60 μM) individually and in combination with B12: (500 nM). We assessed HepG2 proliferation, viability, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mRNA expression, homocysteine, and malondialdehyde levels. RESULTS: Supplementation of B12 with FA increased proliferation as compared to only FA supplemented group. FA and B12 deficient cells and excess FA supplementation resulted in decreased viability. Supplementation of B12 at both FA concentrations increased (P < 0.05) cell viability. In the presence of B12 oxidative stress, TNFα mRNA and TNFα levels in cell lysate significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in both FA supplemented cells as compared to excess FA cells. Homocysteine levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in cells supplemented with normal FA + B12 as compared to excess FA supplemented cells and FA and B12 deficient cells. Supplementation of excess FA significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) MTHFR mRNA levels as compared to required FA cells. Combination of FA + B12 significantly upregulated (P < 0.01) MTHFR mRNA levels as compared to excess FA. CONCLUSION: These results accord the promoting effect of B12 with FA in developing nations like India where B12 deficiency is common while the concentration of folate is adequate