Transcriptome analysis of Bipolaris sorokiniana - Hordeum vulgare provides insights into mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction

Spot blotch disease incited by Bipolaris sorokiniana severely affects the cultivation of barley. The resistance to B. sorokiniana is quantitative in nature and its interaction with the host is highly complex which necessitates in-depth molecular analysis. Thus, the study aimed to conduct the transcriptome analysis to decipher the mechanisms and pathways involved in interactions between barley and B. sorokiniana in both the resistant (EC0328964) and susceptible (EC0578292) genotypes using the RNA Seq approach. In the resistant genotype, 6,283 genes of Hordeum vulgare were differentially expressed out of which 5,567 genes were upregulated and 716 genes were downregulated. 1,158 genes of Hordeum vulgare were differentially expressed in the susceptible genotype, out of which 654 genes were upregulated and 504 genes were downregulated. Several defense-related genes like resistant gene analogs (RGAs), disease resistance protein RPM1, pathogenesis-related protein PRB1-2-like, pathogenesis-related protein 1, thaumatin-like protein PWIR2 and defensin Tm-AMP-D1.2 were highly expressed exclusively in resistant genotype only. The pathways involved in the metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the most prominently represented pathways in both the resistant and susceptible genotypes. However, pathways involved in MAPK signaling, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction were highly enriched in resistant genotype. Further, a higher number of pathogenicity genes of B. sorokiniana was found in response to the susceptible genotype. The pathways encoding for metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ABC transporters, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were highly expressed in susceptible genotype in response to the pathogen. 14 and 11 genes of B. sorokiniana were identified as candidate effectors from susceptible and resistant host backgrounds, respectively. This investigation will offer valuable insights in unraveling the complex mechanisms involved in barley- B. sorokiniana interaction

Assessment of fungal and bacterial bioagents against Bipolaris sorokiniana inciting spot blotch on barley (Hordeum vulgare)

In India, spot blotch disease caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is one of the major constraints in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production. The present study was carried out during 2022–23 at ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi to identify promising biocontrol agents, which can act as eco-friendly alternatives to chemicals against Bipolaris sorokiniana inciting spot blotch on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). In this study, 18 isolates of Trichoderma asperellum, 15 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and 5 bacterial species were tested against B. sorokiniana under in vitro and in planta conditions. In the dual culture assays, Trichoderma asperellum 8686 and Trichoderma asperellum 8687 showed significantly highest per cent disease inhibition of 71.73% and 71.37% respectively. Among bacterial strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens showed significantly good per cent disease inhibition of 64.09% and 57.09% respectively. B. subtilis and Pantoea spp. did not show any pathogen inhibition. In addition, the superior bioagents were also screened out. In the studies on in planta assays, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (per cent disease control-55.19%) was found most effective for seed treatment against B. sorokiniana. Post-inoculation with biocontrol agents revealed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was at par with Trichoderma asperellum and Pseudomonas fluorescens against B. sorokiniana. Additionally, a combination of seed treatment, pre and post-inoculation treatment of biocontrol agents revealed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma asperellum 8686 were at par with Trichoderma harzianum (Pusa Th3) against B. sorokiniana. Overall, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was more effective and consistent to manage spot blotch disease

Abstracts of National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020

This book presents the abstracts of the papers presented to the Online National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020 (RDMPMC-2020) held on 26th and 27th August 2020 organized by the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science in Association with the Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Conference Title: National Conference on Research and Developments in Material Processing, Modelling and Characterization 2020Conference Acronym: RDMPMC-2020Conference Date: 26–27 August 2020Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology JamshedpurCo-organizer: Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, IndiaConference Sponsor: TEQIP-