Incidence and Survival Trends of Pancreatic Cancer in Girona: Impact of the Change in Patient Care in the Last 25 Years.

(1) Background: We investigated the incidence and survival trends for pancreatic cancer (PC) over the last 25 years in the Girona region, Catalonia, Spain; (2) Methods: Data were extracted from the population-based Girona Cancer Registry. Incident PC cases during 1994-2015 were classified using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology Third Edition (ICD-O-3). Incidence rates age-adjusted to the European standard population (ASRE) and world standard population (ASRW) were obtained. Trends were assessed using the estimated annual percentage of change (EAPC) of the ASRE13. Observed and relative survivals (RS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier and Pohar Perme methods, respectively; (3) Results: We identified 1602 PC incident cases. According to histology, 44.4% of cases were exocrine PC, 4.1% neuroendocrine, and 51.1% malignant-non-specified. The crude incidence rate (CR) for PC was 11.43 cases-per-100,000 inhabitants/year. A significant increase of incidence with age and over the study period was observed. PC overall 5-year RS was 7.05% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.63; 8.84). Longer overall survival was observed in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (5-year RS 61.45%; 95% CI 47.47; 79.55). Trends in 5-year RS for the whole cohort rose from 3.27% (95% CI 1.69-6.35) in 1994-1998 to 13.1% (95% CI 9.98; 17.2) in 2010-2015; (4) Conclusions: Incidence rates of PC in Girona have increased in the last two decades. There is a moderate but encouraging increase in survival thorough the study period. These results can be used as baseline for future research.S

Clinical, randomized, double blind clinical trial to study the effect of parenteral supplementation with fish oil emulsion in the nutritional support in esophagectomized patients

Introduction: Esophagectomy is a major surgery with a high degree of catabolic and post-surgical inflammatory response accompanied by high morbidity and significant mortality. Post-surgical nutritional support via enteral administration of omega-3 fatty acids has been seen to be effective although its bad tolerance. There are few clinical trials with parenteral omega-3 fatty acids in these patients. We propose to investigate the effect of combining a parenteral fish oil lipid emulsion with the standard enteral nutrition (EN) support. Materials and methods: Prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind study in esophagectomized patients, and treated after surgery with parenteral lipid emulsions of omega-3 fatty acids or a mixture of omega-6 long-chain triglycerides/short-chain triglycerides 50%. These emulsions will be added to the standard nutritional support in continuous infusion until 5 days of treatment have been completed. Patients will be randomized 1:1:1 in Group A receiving 0.4 g/kg/d of fish-oil lipid emulsion and 0.4 g/kg/d of a lipid emulsion mixture of omega-6 long-chain fatty acids (LCT) plus medium-chain fatty acids (MCT) (total dose of 0.8 g/kg/d of lipid emulsion); Group B receiving 0.8 g/kg/d of fish oil lipid emulsion and Group C receiving 0.8 g/kg/d of LCT/MCT emulsion. The main objective is to determine whether 5 days administration of intravenous omega-3 fatty acid lipid emulsion is effective in normalizing interleukin-6 levels compared with LCT/MCT emulsions, and whether a 0.8 g/kg/d dose is more effective than 0.4 g/kg/d. Secondary outcomes include other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-10, and parameters of morbidity, safety, nutrition and mortality. Samples will be collected at the time when surgery is indicated and on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 21 to determine inflammatory, nutritional, hepatic and safety parameters. In addition, clinical follow-up will be continued throughout the hospital admision and up to 1 year after surgery. Discussion: Studies of omega-3 fatty acids administered parenterally in esophagectomized patients are scarce. This study proposes to investigate the effect of combining fish-oil lipid emulsions administered parenterally with EN support. Potential benefits include fast incorporation of lipids to the cellular membranes and to the inflammatory cascade, and the use of only 1 pharmaconutrient

Stratification of radiosensitive brain metastases based on an actionable S100A9/RAGE resistance mechanism

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the treatment backbone for many patients with brain metastasis; however, its efficacy in preventing disease progression and the associated toxicity have questioned the clinical impact of this approach and emphasized the need for alternative treatments. Given the limited therapeutic options available for these patients and the poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of metastatic lesions to WBRT, we sought to uncover actionable targets and biomarkers that could help to refine patient selection. Through an unbiased analysis of experimental in vivo models of brain metastasis resistant to WBRT, we identified activation of the S100A9-RAGE-NF-κB-JunB pathway in brain metastases as a potential mediator of resistance in this organ. Targeting this pathway genetically or pharmacologically was sufficient to revert the WBRT resistance and increase therapeutic benefits in vivo at lower doses of radiation. In patients with primary melanoma, lung or breast adenocarcinoma developing brain metastasis, endogenous S100A9 levels in brain lesions correlated with clinical response to WBRT and underscored the potential of S100A9 levels in the blood as a noninvasive biomarker. Collectively, we provide a molecular framework to personalize WBRT and improve its efficacy through combination with a radiosensitizer that balances therapeutic benefit and toxicity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impacto energético-ambiental del servicio de motocicleta eléctrica compartida en la ciudad de Madrid

En los últimos años se ha demostrado que la actividad humana es la causa de muchos daños sobre la naturaleza que nos rodea. Se están viviendo fenómenos meteorológicos más agresivos, muchas especies están en peligro de extinción y, por supuesto, un calentamiento global perceptible en todos los puntos de la tierra. A diario, se genera una gran cantidad de emisiones a la atmósfera con consecuencias muy importantes. Todas las actividades realizadas por las personas tienen una serie de implicaciones que suponen un impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente. De estas actividades, las que contribuyen en mayor medida al calentamiento global, origen del cambio climático, son las grandes industrias. En particular, a nivel global el consumo energético es la principal causa de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a la atmósfera. En España, el sector transporte es el que consume una mayor cantidad de energía. En concreto, dentro de este sector, el trasporte por carretera es aquel con mayor consumo energético. El transporte por carretera, además, es una gran fuente de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, así como otros agentes contaminantes, lo que provoca un agravamiento del cambio climático. También, estos agentes contaminantes afectan a la calidad del aire en las ciudades, con consecuencias negativas para la salud de los habitantes. A raíz de los problemas que supone el transporte rodado, están surgiendo nuevas modalidades de transporte, más sostenibles y respetuosas con el medio ambiente. Poco a poco, está creciendo el porcentaje de vehículos eléctricos en las ciudades, a medida que las personas son más conscientes del impacto del transporte sobre el medio ambiente. El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se centra en los impactos del sector transporte. En particular, se pretende evaluar la introducción en las ciudades de los servicios de movilidad compartida empleando motocicletas/ciclomotores eléctricos (conocidos comúnmente como servicios de moto-sharing). Para ello, en este documento se analizan estos servicios valorando, principalmente, su consumo energético y las emisiones a la atmósfera que generan. Es decir, se lleva a cabo un análisis del impacto energético-ambiental que tienen estos servicios. El estudio se centra en la ciudad de Madrid en el año 2018 y se complementa el análisis llevando el caso de estudio a situaciones futuras

Impacto energético-ambiental del servicio de motocicleta eléctrica compartida en la ciudad de Madrid

En los últimos años se ha demostrado que la actividad humana es la causa de muchos daños sobre la naturaleza que nos rodea. Se están viviendo fenómenos meteorológicos más agresivos, muchas especies están en peligro de extinción y, por supuesto, un calentamiento global perceptible en todos los puntos de la tierra. A diario, se genera una gran cantidad de emisiones a la atmósfera con consecuencias muy importantes. Todas las actividades realizadas por las personas tienen una serie de implicaciones que suponen un impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente. De estas actividades, las que contribuyen en mayor medida al calentamiento global, origen del cambio climático, son las grandes industrias. En particular, a nivel global el consumo energético es la principal causa de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero a la atmósfera. En España, el sector transporte es el que consume una mayor cantidad de energía. En concreto, dentro de este sector, el trasporte por carretera es aquel con mayor consumo energético. El transporte por carretera, además, es una gran fuente de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, así como otros agentes contaminantes, lo que provoca un agravamiento del cambio climático. También, estos agentes contaminantes afectan a la calidad del aire en las ciudades, con consecuencias negativas para la salud de los habitantes. A raíz de los problemas que supone el transporte rodado, están surgiendo nuevas modalidades de transporte, más sostenibles y respetuosas con el medio ambiente. Poco a poco, está creciendo el porcentaje de vehículos eléctricos en las ciudades, a medida que las personas son más conscientes del impacto del transporte sobre el medio ambiente. El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado se centra en los impactos del sector transporte. En particular, se pretende evaluar la introducción en las ciudades de los servicios de movilidad compartida empleando motocicletas/ciclomotores eléctricos (conocidos comúnmente como servicios de moto-sharing). Para ello, en este documento se analizan estos servicios valorando, principalmente, su consumo energético y las emisiones a la atmósfera que generan. Es decir, se lleva a cabo un análisis del impacto energético-ambiental que tienen estos servicios. El estudio se centra en la ciudad de Madrid en el año 2018 y se complementa el análisis llevando el caso de estudio a situaciones futuras

A taxonomic revision and species delimitation of the genus Purpuraria Enderlein, 1929 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae) using an integrative approach

Recent studies on the endemic Canarian genusPurpurariahave shown that the taxonomy of its only recognized species (P. erna) is probably errone-ous. In this study, an integrative revision of the genus is performed, based on a large number of specimens and geographical sampling. As a result, (1)the diagnostic characters at the genus level are re-described, (2)Purpuraria magnan. sp. based on morphological, morphometric and genetic data isdescribed and (3) the taxonomic status of a formerly described subspecies is clarified. Intraspecific and interspecific morphometric differences havebeen found, indicating that the genus is undergoing a process of morphological diversification. Nevertheless, the possibility of interspecific matingbetween individuals of the two species is suggested, because no significant differences have been found between their respective calling songs. Geneticanalyses using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences suggest thatP. ernaandP. magnaare recent species with evidences of secondary contactepisodes in the past.This study was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Innovation (project CGL‐08256 BOS) and Ministry of Agriculture and Environment (Research Project in National Parks 025/2007).Peer Reviewe

Synthesis, structures and properties of ironIII complexes with (o-carboranyl)bis-(2-hydroxymethyl)pyridine: Racemic versus meso

The reaction of iron(II) chloride with anti- or syn-1,2-bis{(pyridin-20-yl)methanol}-1,2-dicarba-closododecaborane (anti- or syn-oCB-L1) afforded two new complexes, [Fe2Cl2(anti-oCB-L12 )2] (1) or Fe2Cl3(syn-oCB-L12 )(EtO)(H2O) (2), respectively. Both complexes were unambiguously characterized by means of X-ray structure analysis. Their solid state structures give evidence for the different coordination modes of the ligands. Both compounds are dinuclear FeIII complexes, however, whereas in complex 1 there are two anti-oCB-L12 ligands per molecular unit, in complex 2 only one syn-oCB-L12 is found. In complex 1, anti-oCB-L12 acts as a tetradentate N2O2-ligand affording a homochiral complex as a partial racemic mixture of D,D-[Fe2Cl2(RRanti-oCB-L12 )2] and K,K-[Fe2Cl2(SSanti-oCB-L12 )2]. In complex 2, syn-oCB-L12 behaves as a bis-bidentate NO ligand. Only complex 1 could be synthesized in good yield and as a pure phase and it has been therefore fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and the magnetic properties studied.We thank MEC grants CTQ2013-44670-R, MAT2013-47869-C4- 2-P and Generalitat de Catalunya (2014/SGR/00149) for financial support. The Intramural CSIC (201530E011) provided X-ray structural facilities for this work.Peer reviewe

Slow-spin relaxation of a low-spin S = 1/2 FeIII carborane complex

In this communication, we report the first evidence of slow-spin relaxation of a low-spin FeIII carborane complex. Iron S = 1/2 complexes showing such behaviour are particularly appealing as qubit candidates because they fulfil some of the main requirements to reach long decoherence times, such as moderate magnetic anisotropy, small spin, metal element mainly with zero-nuclear spin and furthermore, large versatility to introduce chemical modifications.Peer reviewe