Ectopic Pregnancy: An Analysis of Prevalence and Clinical Magnitude

Objective: To determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations and symptoms associated with ectopic pregnancy Methodology: This retrospective observational study was done at Pessi Hospital, I-12, Islamabad with collaboration of different Hospitals for the data collection. From October 2021 to September 2022. Patients of reproductive age presenting with symptoms suggestive of ectopic pregnancy and confirmed through diagnostic tests such as ultrasound, serum beta-hCG levels, or surgical findings were included. After taking demographic information including age, parity, gravidity, and reproductive history is collected for each patient, clinical data related to ectopic pregnancy diagnosis were recorded. Descriptive statistics are employed to summarize demographic characteristics, prevalence rates, and clinical pattern of ectopic pregnancy cases. Results: Overall prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was found 1.4%. Overall mean age of the women was 33.39+5.48 years. Family history was positive among 36.1% of the cases. In terms to the clinical presentation of patients with ectopic pregnancy, pain and bleeding were most common clinical features, 91.80% and 79.40% respectively, followed by shock 4.5% and 18.0% had others multiple clinical features and 5.8% were asymptomatic. Conclusion: In conclusion, ectopic pregnancy was observed at a rate of 1.4%, indicating its continued significance as a health concern. Pain and bleeding were observed to the most common clinical features

Diagnostic Accuracy of Doppler Ultrasound in Ectopic Pregnancy

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Doppler ultrasound in the detection of ectopic pregnancy. Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted at PESSI Hospital, I-12, Islamabad, in collaboration with different hospitals for data collection. The study was carried out over a period of one year from October 2021 to September 2022. All pregnant women aged >17 years presenting with symptoms of ectopic pregnancy, regardless of parity, were included. All patients underwent color Doppler ultrasound using a dedicated machine. Subsequently, the patients were followed until they underwent surgical management, and the operative findings were meticulously recorded. Data were collected using a pre-designed proforma and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.53 years, and the average gestational age was 6.03 weeks. 35.0% of the participants had a positive family history. According to color Doppler ultrasound findings, the majority of cases (96.7%) were identified as positive for ectopic pregnancy, while surgical findings confirmed ectopic pregnancy in 93.3% of cases. The sensitivity of color Doppler ultrasound was 100%, specificity was 60%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 94% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 100%, suggesting that it was 100% accurate in ruling out ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasound was found to be a highly sensitive, reliable, and noninvasive tool in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy. However, the findings cannot be definitively applied due to limitations, particularly the small sample size. Further large-scale studies are strongly recommended for validation and confirmation of the findings