Assessing Tennessee Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Food Protection

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

The Attitude of Teachers towards Varieties of a Language and Its Effects on Learners’ Education and Self Esteem

There are different varieties within the same language. It is argued that all varieties of a language are equal and none of the varieties are superior or inferior to the other varieties of the same language as far as their linguistic features and functions are concerned. However, in many languages the varieties are associated with prestige, power and prejudice of the society they are serving. It is generally said that societies have positive attitude towards the standard variety and negative attitude towards the non-standard varieties. In addition, the attitudes that speakers hold about the language varieties is reflected in academic setting. For this reason, attitudes towards varieties of a language have been an issue in education contexts.  Besides, the attitudes towards language varieties can affect their use in education and can have an impact on students’ learning and self esteem.  Therefore, this article will explore the attitude of teachers towards varieties of a language and the effects of teachers’ attitude on the students’ self esteem and education. Keywords:  Attitude, Education, Language Varieties, Self-esteem, Students,, Teacher

An Exploration into the Cultural, Political and Socio-economic Implications of Some Wolaita Songs: Focus on the Content

Ethiopia is the home of numerous peoples who belong to different ethnic groups and speak various languages. Wolaita People is one of the peoples who live in the Southern Ethiopia. They speak their own language known as Wolaita Language and have their own distinct indigenous culture and social identities. They express their beliefs, values, norms, traditions, politics, economy etc in various ways-one of which is via songs. The songs could contain different themes and may have cultural, political and socio-economic implications. But, there is little or no study on this topic. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to explore the cultural, political and socio-economic implications of some selected Wolaita songs.  Descriptive research design was used to conduct this study. To achive the purpose of the study Wolaita songs that were written and sang by popular song writers and singers of Wolaita were selected. That is, some of the popular Wolaita Songs that were sung the last 10 years and got the attentions of Wolaita Song listeners were the focus of the analysis. Specifically, the songs that are mainly written in Wolaita language were the selected and analyzed. Content Analysis was employed to collect necessary data for this study. Then, the contents of some selected Wolaita songs were transcribed, translated and analyzed. From the analysis of the selected Wolaita songs different thematic contents were observed. Amongst in the song of Bungie Burungie entitled “Maataa Daannay Kawo Xona” literally means the last authority was Kawo Tona, political issues revealed. Another song by the same singer “Jalaa Garangee” was used to provoke identity and territory issues of the Nation and the People, Wolaita.  Besides, the song entitled “Dichaw Dandewos” literary means let’s work together for the development of Wolaita is mainly about the socioeconomic development of Wolaita. Furthermore, “Debideboyaq” of Aberash Gaga was sung to show the socio cultural life style of Wolaita.  Moreover, “Kasa Kaldiges” of Alemayehu Zasa and “Bali Soonoriya” of Bungie Burungie disclose the cultural festivity of Gifata, the Wolaita New Year celebration, its fortune and the likes. Hence, it can be deduced that some of the selected Wolaita songs have cultural, political and socio-economic implications. Keywords: Cultural, Economic, Social, Song, Wolaita People, Wolaita Songs, Wolaita Languag

An Exploration into the Contributions of Literacy for Development: Focus on How Literacy is Necessary for Social, Economic and Health Development

The concept of development is board which might include advancements in political, economic, social and cultural facets.  However, literacy is defined as something that enable individuals to be engaged in all those activities in which literacy is required for effective functioning of his/her group or society and it enable individuals to actively work for development of his/her society .Thus, Literacy is the key tool to make the workforce efficient. Thus, it can be said that literacy directly or directly enhances the working capabilities of people by providing them with the skills necessary for development. For this reason, literacy is considered as a central component of a country’s development. The main purposes of this article to explore how literacy is necessary in the development of a country by focusing on three pillars of development: Social, Economic and Health. Keywords: Capabilities, Country, Development, Economical, Education, Health, Individual, Literac

The Development of Written Afan Oromo and the Appropriateness of Qubee, Latin Script, for Afan Oromo Writing

Afan Oromo is the second widely speared indigenous language in Africa south of the Sahara (Mekuria,1994; Mohammed,1994). It is one of the major indigenous African languages that is widely spoken and used in most parts of Ethiopia and some parts of the neighboring countries (Mekuria, 1994). Besides, Afan Oromo has long history of and well developed oral tradition (Feyisa, 1996). Despite of this and the size of its speakers as well as its value as widely spoken language in the Horn of Africa, it remained as unwritten language for long period of time. As Tilahun (2006:113) stated “Until recently, Afan Oromo remained an oral rather than literary language.”  This article attempted to explore the development of written Afan Oromo and the appropriateness of Qubee, Latin script for Afan Oromo writing. Specifically, the article contains five major parts. The first part introduces Afan Oromo and its dialects. The second section presents the factors that delayed the development of written Afan Oromo . In the third section the early attempts to made by Oromo and foreign scholars to write in Afan Oromo is described.  The contribution of Onesmosi Nasib to the development of Afan Oromo writing is presented in the fourth section. Besides, the fifth part explores the contribution of Sheik Bakri Sapalo to the development of Afan Oromo writing. The attempts made by Oromos in 1960s until 1990s to develop the Afan Oromo writing system is presented in the sixhh section. Furthermore, the adoption of Latin script, qubee, as formal orthography of Afan Oromo is described in the last part. Keywords: Afan Oromo, Arabic Script, Ethiopic Script, Latin Script, Oromo People, Qubee, Roman Script, Sabean Scrip

Factors Affecting Milk Market Supply and Level of Supply by Smallholder Milk Producers: The Case of Dessie Zuria District, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Dessie Zuria District of South Wollo Zone, Northern Ethiopia with the specific objectives of analyzing determinants of milk market supply. A two stage sampling procedure was applied to select sample milk producer households of the study area. In the first stage, 12 potential milk producer kebeles were purposively selected out of 37 administrative kebeles of the district based on their level of milk production. Then, a total of 6 sample kebeles were selected randomly. In the second stage, 100 sample smallholder milk producers were selected from those 6 randomly selected kebeles and both qualitative and quantitative types of data were collected. Secondary data were collected from journals, reports and documents used in the study area. Primary data were collected from individual smallholder milk producers, key informants and focus group discussions using both structured and semi-structured types of questionnaires. Data analysis was performed both by descriptive and econometric analysis employing STATA version 12 software. Factors determining participation of milk market supply was analyzed using Heckman two stage estimation model and the results of first stage/probit regression model showed that both decision of participation and level of participation of households in milk market supply were affected significantly by age of the household, educational level, number of milking cows owned, distance from market/urban centres and technical training. Decision of participation of households in milk market supply was also affected significantly by access to credit whereas level of participation was affected significantly by sex of the household, family size and access to market information. Thus, it is suggested that strengthening of participation of smallholder milk producers in milk market supply via capacity improvement and enhanced access of appropriate technical support service provision. Keywords: Heckman two stage model, Milk, Market suppl

The Heart of the Matter: Discovery of new genetic loci for heart rate variability and its relationship with blood pressure and mortality

The results from the studies described in my thesis are based on big data basesand corroborate the role of environmental and genetic factors in influencingcardiac autonomic function indices. Age and sex were the most important factorsassociated with heart rate varaibility and baroreflex sensitivity confirming the need to be considered when studying these measures. In addition, I provide novel biological insights that broaden our understanding of biological pathways underlying heart rate variability with a potential role in cardiac vagal effects on the sinoatrial node. The newly discovered heart rate varaibility genes in this thesis play a key role in regulating cell-cell signaling in the heart and in cardiomyocyte function which may yield potential drug targets for cardiovascular diseases. Finally, the genetic markers for heart rate varaibility and heart response to exercise can be used as instrumental variables to test a potential causal role of the cardiac autonomic nervous system in cardiometabolic disease

The Status of Parental Participation in School and Its Impact on the Students Learning in Amuru Woreda Schools

The primary goal of education in a free society is to help the individuals to realize his/her potentials and to develop him/her capacity to make wise decisions. With a high connection between academic success and parental involvement, alternative methods must be established that will assist parents in supporting their children with the current family structures in place. The objective of this study was to assess the status of parental participation in school and its impact on the students learning in Amuru woreda schools. By employing purposive sampling due to the nature of the study whereby teachers, students and parents were purposely selected to provide reliable information to the researcher, The study was conducted in four (04) selected public primary schools at Amuru Woreda Respondents included 40 students, where by 10 students were selected from each school and five of them were from four and other five were form three. From each school 12 teachers were selected while three teachers were selected including academic master, discipline masters and teachers on duty. In addition, four head teachers were selected one in each school and 40 parents were selected. Total sample were 96 respondents. The finding shows that, in most cases, great numbers of parents are not attending school meetings and others do not know school programmes at all.  Also it reveals that large number of parents do not check their children exercise books because they do not know the subject matter which was used in school curriculum. Some parents do not cooperate with school to look education matters of their children which lead to poor performance. Also poverty in students’ families leads to frequent and prolonged participation in domestic works. As a result, they left with limited time for doing school activities like revision, private study and homework. This indicates that children rights are violated at household level, parents are answerable for this. As a recommendation, School system should introduce and make sustainable counseling unity to deal with students. Local government at ward level should advise parents to cooperate with school administration through close supervision of their children academic progress and through balancing of domestic chores with studies at home. Government under the Ministry of Education should make sure that the students who are selected to join form one are selected in the schools around their ward to avoid long distance from home to school. Keywords: parents, students, schools, education, learning DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/47-02 Publication date: April 30th 201

The Impact of Participation in Cooperatives on the Success of Small Farms

This study identifies and analyzes factors that contribute to the success of small farms. Particular attention is given to the effect of participation in marketing and supply cooperatives on the success of small farms. Using modified net farm income per dollar of assets and operator’s labor and management income as measures of success, results show participation in marketing and supply cooperatives is positively correlated with success. Further, analysis findings indicate farm size, controlling for variable and fixed costs, type of ownership, management strategies used, working off the farm, and age of the operator are important factors that influence profitability (modified net farm income per dollar of assets and operator’s labor and management income) and success.cooperatives, management strategies, marketing, small farms, success, supply cooperative, Agribusiness, Marketing,

NON-PROFIT FOOD CENTERS IN TENNESSEE: SURVEY FINDINGS

Agribusiness,