The XIIIth Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology: The Banff 2015 Heart Meeting Report: Improving Antibody-Mediated Rejection Diagnostics: Strengths, Unmet Needs, and Future Directions.

The 13th Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from October 5 to 10, 2015. The cardiac session was devoted to current diagnostic issues in heart transplantation with a focus on antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and small vessel arteriopathy. Specific topics included the strengths and limitations of the current rejection grading system, the central role of microvascular injury in AMR and approaches to semiquantitative assessment of histopathologic and immunophenotypic indicators, the role of AMR in the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, the important role of serologic antibody detection in the management of transplant recipients, and the potential application of new molecular approaches to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of AMR and potential for improving the current diagnostic system. Herein we summarize the key points from the presentations, the comprehensive, open and wide-ranging multidisciplinary discussion that was generated, and considerations for future endeavors

The solvation and dissociation of 4-benzylaniline hydrochloride in chlorobenzene

A reaction scheme is proposed to account for the liberation of 4-benzylaniline from 4-benzylaniline hydrochloride, using chlorobenzene as a solvent at a temperature of 373 K. Two operational regimes are explored: “closed” reaction conditions correspond to the retention of evolved hydrogen chloride gas within the reaction medium, whereas an “open” system permits gaseous hydrogen chloride to be released from the reaction medium. The solution phase chemistry is analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Complete liberation of solvated 4-benzylaniline from solid 4-benzylaniline hydrochloride is possible under “open” conditions, with the entropically favored conversion of solvated hydrogen chloride to the gaseous phase thought to be the thermodynamic driver that effectively controls a series of interconnecting equilibria. A kinetic model is proposed to account for the observations of the open system

The XIIIth Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology: The Banff 2015 Heart Meeting Report: Improving Antibody-Mediated Rejection Diagnostics: Strengths, Unmet Needs, and Future Directions.

The 13th Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from October 5 to 10, 2015. The cardiac session was devoted to current diagnostic issues in heart transplantation with a focus on antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and small vessel arteriopathy. Specific topics included the strengths and limitations of the current rejection grading system, the central role of microvascular injury in AMR and approaches to semiquantitative assessment of histopathologic and immunophenotypic indicators, the role of AMR in the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, the important role of serologic antibody detection in the management of transplant recipients, and the potential application of new molecular approaches to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of AMR and potential for improving the current diagnostic system. Herein we summarize the key points from the presentations, the comprehensive, open and wide-ranging multidisciplinary discussion that was generated, and considerations for future endeavors

European High-Growth Technology Companies: Turning Challenges into Opportunities for Global Expansion

We present a three-stage growth framework, in which we propose that the challenges for pan-European expansion of European technology companies can become opportunities and advantages for expansion beyond Europe. First, European technology companies are born in less competitive environments than their U.S. counterparts. Thus, the fragmentation of European markets in terms of languages, cultures, legislation and taxation means that they have the opportunity to embed themselves strongly in their home market contexts and are thus exposed mainly to local competitors in the start-up and early growth stages. Second, the very factor - fragmentation of markets - that enhances their survival potential in the start-up and early stages becomes a challenge that has to be surmounted for pan-European expansion. Third, once this challenge of fragmentation and diversity has been overcome through addressing the external and internal challenges (explained in detail in the article), we believe that European technology companies possess the right balance between being global and local to expand into Asia, Latin America and Africa

The XIIIth Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology: The Banff 2015 Heart Meeting Report: Improving Antibody-Mediated Rejection Diagnostics: Strengths, Unmet Needs, and Future Directions

none19noneBruneval, P.; Angelini, A.; Miller, D.; Potena, L.; Loupy, A; Zeevi, A.; Reed, E.F.; Dragun, D.; Reinsmoen, N.; Smith, R.N.; West, L.; Tebutt, S.; Thum, T.; Haas, M.; Mengel, M.; Revelo, P.; Fedrigo, M.; Duong Van Huyen, J.P.; Berry, G.J.Bruneval, P.; Angelini, Annalisa; Miller, D.; Potena, L.; Loupy, A; Zeevi, A.; Reed, E. F.; Dragun, D.; Reinsmoen, N.; Smith, R. N.; West, L.; Tebutt, S.; Thum, T.; Haas, M.; Mengel, M.; Revelo, P.; Fedrigo, Marny; Duong Van Huyen, J. P.; Berry, G. J