The Effect of Intestinal Parasitic Infection on the Clinical Outcome of Malaria in Coinfected Children in Cameroon.

BACKGROUND:The interaction between intestinal parasites and malaria is still not clear. Data in published literature are conflicting. We studied the effect of intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) on the clinical outcome of malaria in coinfected children. METHODS:In a cross sectional study performed between October 2014 and September 2015, children infected with malaria, as demonstrated by the presence of asexual parasites in Giemsa stained blood films, were enrolled. Stool samples were obtained from participants and subjected to the formol-ether concentration technique for the detection of intestinal parasites. The Complete blood count was performed using an automated haematology analyser (Mindray, BC-2800). The risk ratio, Pearson's chi-square and the student T test were all performed as part of the statistical analyses. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS:In all, 405 children successfully took part in the study. The children were between 1 week and 120 months of age (mean ± SD = 41.5 ± 33.5). Coinfection with intestinal parasites was observed in 11.6%. The rate of severe malaria (SM) attack in this study was 10.9%. SM was not observed to be associated with age (p = 0.377) or gender (p = 0.387), meanwhile coinfection with intestinal parasites was associated with age (p = 0.003). Among SM cases, IPI prevalence was higher in children with mild (WHO group 3) severe malaria (p = 0.027). Overall, IPI was not observed to be associated with SM (p = 0.656) or malaria parasite density (p = 0.185) or haemoglobin concentration (p = 0.205). The main clinical features of SM observed were hyperpyrexia (68.2%), severe malarial anaemia (61.4%), and multiple convulsion (52.3%). CONCLUSION:IPI was not observed to be associated with the severity of malaria, the malaria parasite density, and the haemoglobin concentration in coinfected children in Cameroon. The clinical outcome of malaria in children coinfected with intestinal parasites may depend on the geographical setting after all

the distribution of IPI with respect to the degree of severity of SM.

<p>the distribution of IPI with respect to the degree of severity of SM.</p

The association of the different species of intestinal parasite and severe malaria.

<p>The association of the different species of intestinal parasite and severe malaria.</p

Coinfection between intestinal parasites and malaria stratified according to age and gender.

<p>Coinfection between intestinal parasites and malaria stratified according to age and gender.</p

Distribution of severe and uncomplicated malaria with IPI.

<p>Distribution of severe and uncomplicated malaria with IPI.</p

Age and gender distribution of SM and UM in the study population.

<p>Age and gender distribution of SM and UM in the study population.</p

The distribution of mean Hb in the study population.

<p>No significant difference was observed in the mean Hb between children with IPI and those without (p = 0.205).</p

Venn diagram showing the overlap (proportions) of the major clinical subgroups of malaria in the study population.

<p>Proportions were obtained by dividing the cases by the total number of severe malaria (44). SMA: severe malarial anaemia; CM: cerebral malaria; RD: respiratory distress; UM: uncomplicated malaria.</p

The Effect of Intestinal Parasitic Infection on the Clinical Outcome of Malaria in Coinfected Children in Cameroon

<div><p>Background</p><p>The interaction between intestinal parasites and malaria is still not clear. Data in published literature are conflicting. We studied the effect of intestinal parasitic infection (IPI) on the clinical outcome of malaria in coinfected children.</p><p>Methods</p><p>In a cross sectional study performed between October 2014 and September 2015, children infected with malaria, as demonstrated by the presence of asexual parasites in Giemsa stained blood films, were enrolled. Stool samples were obtained from participants and subjected to the formol-ether concentration technique for the detection of intestinal parasites. The Complete blood count was performed using an automated haematology analyser (Mindray, BC-2800). The risk ratio, Pearson’s chi-square and the student T test were all performed as part of the statistical analyses. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p>Results</p><p>In all, 405 children successfully took part in the study. The children were between 1 week and 120 months of age (mean ± SD = 41.5 ± 33.5). Coinfection with intestinal parasites was observed in 11.6%. The rate of severe malaria (SM) attack in this study was 10.9%. SM was not observed to be associated with age (p = 0.377) or gender (p = 0.387), meanwhile coinfection with intestinal parasites was associated with age (p = 0.003). Among SM cases, IPI prevalence was higher in children with mild (WHO group 3) severe malaria (p = 0.027). Overall, IPI was not observed to be associated with SM (p = 0.656) or malaria parasite density (p = 0.185) or haemoglobin concentration (p = 0.205). The main clinical features of SM observed were hyperpyrexia (68.2%), severe malarial anaemia (61.4%), and multiple convulsion (52.3%).</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>IPI was not observed to be associated with the severity of malaria, the malaria parasite density, and the haemoglobin concentration in coinfected children in Cameroon. The clinical outcome of malaria in children coinfected with intestinal parasites may depend on the geographical setting after all.</p></div

Respiratory Tract Aspergillosis in the Sputum of Patients Suspected of Tuberculosis in Fako Division-Cameroon

Abstract Respiratory tract aspergillosis refers to fungi infections of the respiratory tract caused by Aspergillus species. Respiratory tract aspergillosis has clinical and radiological characteristics which are very similar to tuberculosis thereby making the disease easily misdiagnosed and mistreated as tuberculosis. This prompted us to investigate the prevalence of respiratory tract Aspergillus sp. in the sputum of patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis and to study the anti-fungal susceptibility of the isolated Aspergillus strains. Two hundred sputa samples were studied for Aspergillus sp. and M. tuberculosis. Direct microscopy and fungal culture was done on two sets of Sabouraud Dextrose agar. Analysis for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) was done by the Auramine-phenol fluorochrome technique. Aspergillus sp were isolated from 30(15%) patients; A. fumigatus was isolated in 10 (5%) patients while A. niger, A. flavus, and A. terreus were isolated from 9 (4.5%), 6 (3%) and 5 (2.5%) patients respectively. M. tuberculosis was found in 27(13.5%) and a co-infection of 9(4.5%) was observed.Using the broth micro dilution technique, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for Aspergillus sp for nystatin, itraconazole and amphotericin B ranged between 0.12-&gt;16 μg/ml, 0.06-&gt;16 μg/ml and 0.12-0.5 μg/ml, respectively. All the Aspergillus terreus strains were consistently sensitive to itraconazole (MIC &gt;16 μg/ml)