Applications of Stein's method and large deviations principle's in mean-field O(N) models

In the first part of this thesis, we will discuss the classical XY model on complete graph in the mean-field (infinite-vertex) limit. Using theory of large deviations and Stein's method, in particular, Cramér and Sanov-type results, we present a number of results coming from the limit theorems with rates of convergence, and phase transition behavior for classical XY model. In the second part, we will generalize our results to mean-field classical $N$-vector models, for integers $N \ge 2$. We will use the theory of large deviations and Stein's method to study the total spin and its typical behavior, specifically obtaining non-normal limit theorems at the critical temperatures and central limit theorems away from criticality. Some of the important special cases of these models are the XY ($N=2$) model of superconductors, the Heisenberg ($N=3$) model (previously studied in [KM13] but with a correction to the critical distribution here), and the Toy ($N=4$) model of the Higgs sector in particle physics

Clinical practice guidelines on the management of variceal bleeding

Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding occurs in 30 - 50% of patients of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension, with 20-70% mortality in one year. Therefore, it is essential to screen these patients for varices and prevent first episode of bleeding by treating them with β-blockers or endoscopic variceal band ligation. Ideally, the patients with variceal bleeding should be treated in a unit where the personnel are familiar with the management of such patients and where routine therapeutic interventions can be undertaken. Proper management of such patients include: initial assessment, resuscitation, blood volume replacement, vasoactive agents, prevention of associated complications such as bacterial infections, hepatic encephalopathy, coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia, and specific therapy. Rebleeding occurs in about 60% patients within 2 years of their recovery from first variceal bleeding episode, with 33% mortality. Therefore, it is mandatory that all such patients must be started on combination of β-blockers and band ligation to prevent recurrence of bleeding. Patients who required shunt surgery/TIPSS to control the acute episode do not require further preventive measures. These clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have been jointly developed by Pakistan Society of Hepatology (PSH) and Pakistan Society of Study of Liver Diseases (PSSLD)

Tissue characterization of benign cardiac tumors by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, a review of core imaging protocol and benign cardiac tumors

Generally, cardiac masses are initially suspected on routine echocardiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is further performed to differentiate tumors from pseudo-tumors and to characterize the cardiac masses based on their appearance on T1/T2-weighted images, detection of perfusion and demonstration of gadolinium-based contrast agent uptake on early and late gadolinium enhancement images. Further evaluation of cardiac masses by CMR is critical because unnecessary surgery can be avoided by better tissue characterization. Different cardiac tissues have different T1 and T2 relaxation times, principally owing to different internal biochemical environments surrounding the protons. In CMR, the signal intensity from a particular tissue depends on its T1 and T2 relaxation times and its proton density. CMR uses this principle to differentiate between various tissue types by weighting images based on their T1 or T2 relaxation times. Generally, tumor cells are larger, edematous, and have associated inflammatory reactions. Higher free water content of the neoplastic cells and other changes in tissue composition lead to prolonged T1/T2 relaxation times and thus an inherent contrast between tumors and normal tissue exists. Overall, these biochemical changes create an environment where different cardiac masses produce different signal intensity on their T1- weighted and T2- weighted images that help to discriminate between them. In this review article, we have provided a detailed description of the core CMR imaging protocol for evaluation of cardiac masses. We have also discussed the basic features of benign cardiac tumors as well as the role of CMR in evaluation and further tissue characterization of these tumors

National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Graphical analysis of hard-to-borrow stocks

We study the graphical analysis for hard to borrow stocks i.e., stock with some constraints such as short selling. The main purpose of this graphical analysis was to introduce some algorithm for calculating the implied dividend yield curve for hard to borrow stocks using the dynamical programming. Implied dividend curve can be used to analyze the options which are hard to borrow. We used the python as our tool for dealing with the financial data taken from the yahoo finance, since it helps in minimizing the memory usage for the data storage. Our main interest was to work with hard to borrowness for at the money options, but due to unavailability for these events we worked with in the money options since they are more crucial for the puts options. Put options have an early exercise for the American options, so considering the put options for in the money options are more interesting to analyze

Interaction Study of Staple Length and Fineness of Cotton with Ultimate Yarn Regularity and Hairiness

La expansión en la mayoría de las ciudades argentinas en los últimos 25 años estuvo marcada por ciertas dinámicas políticas, económicas y sociales que podrían definir un nuevo patrón de producción del espacio urbano. Se configuró un modelo de ciudad expoliativo donde se profundizan los procesos de segregación y se reconfiguran las formas de acceso a los servicios urbanos por parte de la ciudadanía. El avance de este urbanismo neoliberal empezó a evidenciarse en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires en la década de 1990 con el desmontaje de los aparatos de planificación y la valorización de las periferias metropolitanas, a partir de la construcción de un sistema de autopistas y avenidas que facilitó el intercambio de movimientos entre el centro y la periferia, favoreciendo fundamentalmente a los sectores medio-altos y altos. Con el avance de la década de 2000 se profundizó este crecimiento en horizontal en búsqueda de la maximización del beneficio rentístico de las empresas desarrolladoras del mercado inmobiliario, generando una competencia por el suelo con los sectores más pauperizados que, por la falta de una oferta acorde a su poder adquisitivo, se ven forzados a localizarse en las zonas menos apropiadas de la periferia (Pintos, 2012). Autores como Harvey (2012), Abramo (2011), Jaramillo (2009), o Morales Schechinger (2007) con diferentes matices, han dado cuenta de la importancia de incorporar a los estudios del mercado de suelo en la comprensión de las formas históricas y espaciales que asumen los procesos de urbanización. La mercancía suelo tiene varias características específicas, entre ellas su carácter irreproductible (Topalov, 1979): cada mercancía es única, donde la oferta es tan heterogénea como la cantidad misma de lotes ofertados. Del lado de la demanda, las preferencias se concentran en pocas ubicaciones, y la creación de nuevas localizaciones similares depende de un gran esfuerzo colectivo muy lento y costoso; por lo tanto, la oferta de suelo es inelástica, es decir, estructuralmente escasa (Morales Schechinger, 2007). Hay que considerar que el suelo no se produce, es decir, que su precio no está asociado al costo de los factores de producción como ocurre con el resto de las mercancías, sino más bien, a la puja que ejerce la competencia para acceder a él, por lo que el precio estará más asociado a las expectativas de rentabilidad de su mejor y máximo uso posible (Smolka, 2000). De esta manera, cuando se genera suelo urbano a partir de la ampliación de infraestructuras y cambios en la normativa urbana, se genera un diferencial de renta extraordinario. La selección de La Plata como área de estudio se justifica, entre otros motivos, por el carácter emblemático en su flexibilización urbanística, por lo que resulta de interés explicar la expansión y crecimiento de la periferia urbana en relación a la dinámica del mercado de suelo y la articulación local de políticas urbanas de diferentes escalas en el Partido de La Plata.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

RFID-WSN integrated architecture for energy and delay- aware routing: a simulation approach

The book identifies the performance challenges concerning Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and analyzes their impact on the performance of routing protocols. It presents a thorough literature survey to identify the issues affecting routing protocol performance, as well as a mathematical model for calculating the end-to-end delays of the routing protocol ACQUIRE; a comparison of two routing protocols (ACQUIRE and DIRECTED DIFFUSION) is also provided for evaluation purposes. On the basis of the results and literature review, recommendations are made for better selection of protocols regarding the nature of the respective application and related challenges. In addition, this book covers a proposed simulator that integrates both RFID and WSN technologies. Therefore, the manuscript is divided in two major parts: an integrated architecture of smart nodes, and a power-optimized protocol for query and information interchange

Genome-Wide Profiling of Polyadenylation Events in Maize Using High-Throughput Transcriptomic Sequences

Polyadenylation is an essential post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic transcripts that plays critical role in transcript stability, localization, transport, and translational efficiency. About 70% genes in plants contain alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites. Despite availability of vast amount of sequencing data, to date, a comprehensive map of the polyadenylation events in maize is not available. Here, 9.48 billion RNA-Seq reads were analyzed to characterize 95,345 Poly(A) Clusters (PAC) in 23,705 (51%) maize genes. Of these, 76% were APA genes. However, most APA genes (55%) expressed a dominant PAC rather than favoring multiple PACs equally. The lincRNA genes with PACs were significantly longer in length than the genes without any PAC and about 48% genes had APA sites. Heterogeneity was observed in 52% of the PACs supporting the imprecise nature of the polyadenylation process. Genomic distribution revealed that the majority of the PACs (78%) were located in the genic regions. Unlike previous studies, large number of PACs were observed in the intergenic (n = 21,264), 5′-UTR (735), CDS (2,542), and the intronic regions (12,841). The CDS and introns with PACs were longer in length than without PACs, whereas intergenic PACs were more often associated with transcripts that lacked annotated 3′-UTRs. Nucleotide composition around PACs demonstrated AT-richness and the common upstream motif was AAUAAA, which is consistent with other plants. According to this study, only 2,830 genes still maintained the use of AAUAAA motif. This large-scale data provides useful insights about the gene expression regulation and could be utilized as evidence to validate the annotation of transcript ends