Implementing community based seagrass monitoring in the Wellesley Island Group

A survey was commissioned in 2007 by the Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation (CLCAC) and the North Australia Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance (NAILSMA) on behalf of the Traditional Owners of the Wellesley Island region who had raised concerns over unhealthy dugong and turtle reported from hunters. Traditional Owners felt that one possible cause of sick animals may have been as a result of seagrass dieback causing a shortage of food to the animals. To answer the concerns of the Traditional Owners, the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries Marine Ecology Group was commissioned to survey the seagrass communities of the Wellesley Islands and to train Wellesley Islands Rangers on seagrass mapping techniques. This was the first time that seagrasses have been formally surveyed and mapped for 23 years in the Wellesley Islands. Seagrass communities were the dominant benthic habitat in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas with a high diversity (8 specie s) of coastal seagrass compared with other Gulf of Carpentaria locations. Evidence of heavy dugong feeding activity was observed on most intertidal seagrass meadows surveyed. The highest density of dugong feeding trails was observed in seagrass meadows dominated by Halodule uninervis (narrow leaf form) and/or Halophila ovalis. In addition, dugongs were regularly observed feeding in subtidal meadows from the helicopter during surveys. This survey was used to help fill gaps in knowledge and provide a baseline from which future monitoring could be conducted to identify research required to answer the uncertainties raised by the Traditional Owners, and to help with developing zoning plans for the management of their Sea Country

Dynamics of a tropical deepwater seagrass community during a major dredging campaign

A research and monitoring program was established to examine the potential impacts of a large scale capital dredging program on a tropical deepwater seagrass community between December 2005 and June 2008. The aims of the monitoring program were to fill gaps in our understanding of the dynamics of tropical deepwater seagrass habitats, their roles in fisheries productivity and their resilience and capacity for recovery from disturbance associated with dredging. While the dynamics of shallow coastal seagrasses in the region have been the subject of many studies little was previously known about the low density deepwater seagrass habitat that typified the study area. Results of the study revealed that these deepwater meadows had a high natural seasonal and inter-annual variability. Seasonality was substantially different to neighbouring shallow seagrass communities with a winter peak in abundance declining in spring before losing all above-ground biomass during summer months. Turbidity associated with dredging inhibited seagrass recruitment but there was evidence of seagrass recovery 12 months after the completion of dredging activity. Implications of the study for managing impacts to deepwater seagrass communities and differences in response to shallow coastal seagrasses are discussed

Implementing community based seagrass monitoring in the Wellesley Island Group

A survey was commissioned in 2007 by the Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation (CLCAC) and the North Australia Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance (NAILSMA) on behalf of the Traditional Owners of the Wellesley Island region who had raised concerns over unhealthy dugong and turtle reported from hunters. Traditional Owners felt that one possible cause of sick animals may have been as a result of seagrass dieback causing a shortage of food to the animals. To answer the concerns of the Traditional Owners, the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries Marine Ecology Group was commissioned to survey the seagrass communities of the Wellesley Islands and to train Wellesley Islands Rangers on seagrass mapping techniques. This was the first time that seagrasses have been formally surveyed and mapped for 23 years in the Wellesley Islands. Seagrass communities were the dominant benthic habitat in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas with a high diversity (8 specie s) of coastal seagrass compared with other Gulf of Carpentaria locations. Evidence of heavy dugong feeding activity was observed on most intertidal seagrass meadows surveyed. The highest density of dugong feeding trails was observed in seagrass meadows dominated by Halodule uninervis (narrow leaf form) and/or Halophila ovalis. In addition, dugongs were regularly observed feeding in subtidal meadows from the helicopter during surveys. This survey was used to help fill gaps in knowledge and provide a baseline from which future monitoring could be conducted to identify research required to answer the uncertainties raised by the Traditional Owners, and to help with developing zoning plans for the management of their Sea Country

Dynamics of a tropical deepwater seagrass community during a major dredging campaign

A research and monitoring program was established to examine the potential impacts of a large scale capital dredging program on a tropical deepwater seagrass community between December 2005 and June 2008. The aims of the monitoring program were to fill gaps in our understanding of the dynamics of tropical deepwater seagrass habitats, their roles in fisheries productivity and their resilience and capacity for recovery from disturbance associated with dredging. While the dynamics of shallow coastal seagrasses in the region have been the subject of many studies little was previously known about the low density deepwater seagrass habitat that typified the study area. Results of the study revealed that these deepwater meadows had a high natural seasonal and inter-annual variability. Seasonality was substantially different to neighbouring shallow seagrass communities with a winter peak in abundance declining in spring before losing all above-ground biomass during summer months. Turbidity associated with dredging inhibited seagrass recruitment but there was evidence of seagrass recovery 12 months after the completion of dredging activity. Implications of the study for managing impacts to deepwater seagrass communities and differences in response to shallow coastal seagrasses are discussed

Webcam Delivery of the Lidcombe Program for Preschool Children Who Stutter: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Early intervention provides children who stutter with the best opportunity to avoid the lifelong complications associated with stuttering. Access to effective treatment, in particular, the Lidcombe Program, provides preschool children with the best chance to overcome their stuttering. Currently many children are unable to access such efficacious treatment due to distance and lifestyle factors. One solution to this problem is to deliver the treatment via webcam over the internet. This service delivery model was designed to increase access to timely, best-practice intervention for those who are currently unable to access treatment. That model was thought to be able to produce efficiency rates similar to those of traditional clinic treatment. Further, it provides a method of service delivery that: (1) improves access to evidence-based best-practice stuttering treatment for children, (2) improves access to specialist speech pathologists and quality services, (3) reduces costs and resources involved with outreach service provision, (4) provides more convenient home-based treatment for young children, and (5) ensures more equitable service delivery for rural and remote preschool children and their families. A Phase I study showed that webcam delivery of the Lidcombe Program was a viable treatment delivery model (O’Brian, Smith & Onslow, 2012). This thesis further investigates delivery of the Lidcombe Program for preschool children using the internet and a webcam. The modification in this project, compared to previous, low-tech telehealth (phone and mail) trials of the Lidcombe Program, allowed the principles of standard delivery of the Lidcombe Program to remain relatively unchanged. This was due primarily to the use of a webcam and live videoconferencing. The speech pathologist-parent-child triad was preserved, with all parties having clinic contact. Real-time measurements, observation and education for parent implementation of the program were also achieved through this medium. Thus, treatment could be delivered mostly in accordance with the program treatment guide (Packman et al., 2011, p. 1). The design for this project was a parallel, open plan, Phase III noninferiority randomised controlled trial (RCT). The control group received standard delivery of the Lidcombe Program (Packman, et al., 2011) in a traditional clinic setting. The experimental group received the Lidcombe Program within their homes using a computer, a webcam, the internet and a live video calling program (Skype). The primary outcome measures – the number of consultations and speech pathologist hours to attain entry into Stage 2 – evaluated treatment efficiency. The secondary outcomes – stuttering reduction as measured by parent evaluated severity ratings, investigated treatment efficacy, as did quantitative and qualitative data obtained from parent questionnaires. The number of weeks to attain Stage 2 entry was also measured. Initially, 66 children were assessed for this trial. Eleven were ineligible and six withdrew during the assessment process, with 49 participants being randomised. Of these, 24 were assigned to the control arm and 25 to the experimental arm. Due to time restrictions associated with the student’s candidature, not all 18-month data were collected in time for inclusion in this thesis. Pretreatment data are reported for all 49 participants. Data for all 43 participants active in the trial 9 months postrandomisation are also reported. Stage 2 entry data are available for the 35 participants (71% of the total cohort) who reached Stage 2 by December 31st 2012. Results for both groups showed no significant difference between the number of consultations and the number of weeks to Stage 2. Efficacy measures showed no significant difference between the groups in stuttering reduction. A further secondary outcome measure was parent responses to a questionnaire at entry into Stage 2. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the two groups when asked about speech pathologist-child rapport, speech pathologist-parent rapport, ease of learning treatment, severity ratings and ability to adapt treatment. Further, two-thirds of clinic families said they would choose webcam treatment in the future. Webcam parents reported no difficulty in seeking out their own resources and did not feel treatment within their home was invasive. Webcam families listed convenience and comfort as the main advantages of webcam treatment, with technical difficulties as the main disadvantage. All webcam families would choose this same method for future stuttering treatment. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the speech pathologist’s role, consultation logistics and additional qualitative observations from the webcam group. These include convenience, treatment readiness, defining clinical space, trends in clinical transfer, clinical application, limitations and future directions. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that the findings from a Phase III RCT investigating the efficiency and efficacy of stuttering treatment for preschool support the use of webcam and internet to increase access to timely and appropriate stuttering intervention. The potential for community translation of these findings is considerable; children as young as 3 years of age can receive the same stuttering treatment within their homes as they would within a clinic; they can expect no difference in outcomes or experience. This is significant given that children as young as 2 years of age can be negatively affected by their stuttering. No longer do children who stutter need to be disadvantaged by where they live or by the skills of the closest speech pathologist. They can now access evidence-based treatment within their homes

Complex Faraday depth structure of active galactic nuclei as revealed by broad-band radio polarimetry

We present a detailed study of the Faraday depth structure of four bright (>1 Jy), strongly polarized, unresolved radio-loud quasars. The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) was used to observe these sources with 2 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth from 1.1 to 3.1 GHz. This allowed us to spectrally resolve the polarization structure of spatially unresolved radio sources, and by fitting various Faraday rotation models to the data, we conclusively demonstrate that two of the sources cannot be described by a simple rotation measure (RM) component modified by depolarization from a foreground Faraday screen. Our results have important implications for using background extragalactic radio sources as probes of the Galactic and intergalactic magneto-ionic media as we show how RM estimations from narrow-bandwidth observations can give erroneous results in the presence of multiple interfering Faraday components. We postulate that the additional RM components arise from polarized structure in the compact inner regions of the radio source itself and not from polarized emission from galactic or intergalactic foreground regions. We further suggest that this may contribute significantly to any RM time variability seen in RM studies on these angular scales. Follow-up, high-sensitivity very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of these sources will directly test our predictions

SRAO CO Observation of 11 Supernova Remnants in l = 70 to 190 deg

We present the results of 12CO J = 1-0 line observations of eleven Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) obtained using the Seoul Radio Astronomy Observatory (SRAO) 6-m radio telescope. The observation was made as a part of the SRAO CO survey of SNRs between l = 70 and 190 deg, which is intended to identify SNRs interacting with molecular clouds. The mapping areas for the individual SNRs are determined to cover their full extent in the radio continuum. We used halfbeam grid spacing (60") for 9 SNRs and full-beam grid spacing (120") for the rest. We detected CO emission towards most of the remnants. In six SNRs, molecular clouds showed a good spatial relation with their radio morphology, although no direct evidence for the interaction was detected. Two SNRs are particularly interesting: G85.4+0.7, where there is a filamentary molecular cloud along the radio shell, and 3C434.1, where a large molecular cloud appears to block the western half of the remnant. We briefly summarize the results obtained for individual SNRs.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Science. 12 pages, 12 figures, and 3 table

Coherent matter wave inertial sensors for precision measurements in space

We analyze the advantages of using ultra-cold coherent sources of atoms for matter-wave interferometry in space. We present a proof-of-principle experiment that is based on an analysis of the results previously published in [Richard et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 91, 010405 (2003)] from which we extract the ratio h/m for 87Rb. This measurement shows that a limitation in accuracy arises due to atomic interactions within the Bose-Einstein condensate