1,558 research outputs found
Standard Galactic Field RR Lyrae II: A Gaia DR2 calibration of the period-Wesenheit-metallicity relation
RR Lyrae stars have long been popular standard candles, but significant
advances in methodology and technology have been made in recent years to
increase their precision as distance indicators. We present multi-wavelength
(optical and Gaia ; near-infrared ; mid-infrared
) period-luminosity-metallicity (PLZ),
period-Wesenheit-metallicity (PWZ) relations, calibrated using photometry
obtained from The Carnegie RR Lyrae Program and parallaxes from the Gaia second
data release for 55 Galactic field RR Lyrae stars. The metallicity slope, which
has long been predicted by theoretical relations, can now be measured in all
passbands. The scatter in the PLZ relations is on the order of 0.2 mag, and is
still dominated by uncertainties in the parallaxes. As a consistency check of
our PLZ relations, we also measure the distance modulus to the globular cluster
M4, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and
our results are in excellent agreement with estimates from previous studies.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 15 pages, 14 figure
Local adaptation and archaic introgression shape global diversity at human structural variant loci.
Large genomic insertions and deletions are a potent source of functional variation, but are challenging to resolve with short-read sequencing, limiting knowledge of the role of such structural variants (SVs) in human evolution. Here, we used a graph-based method to genotype long-read-discovered SVs in short-read data from diverse human genomes. We then applied an admixture-aware method to identify 220 SVs exhibiting extreme patterns of frequency differentiation - a signature of local adaptation. The top two variants traced to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, tagging a haplotype that swept to near fixation in certain southeast Asian populations, but is rare in other global populations. Further investigation revealed evidence that the haplotype traces to gene flow from Neanderthals, corroborating the role of immune-related genes as prominent targets of adaptive introgression. Our study demonstrates how recent technical advances can help resolve signatures of key evolutionary events that remained obscured within technically challenging regions of the genome
Recommended from our members
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. VIII. An Independent Determination of the Hubble Constant Based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
We present a new and independent determination of the local value of the Hubble constant based on a calibration of the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) applied to Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). We find a value of H0 = 69.8 ± 0.8 (±1.1% stat) ± 1.7 (±2.4% sys) km s−1 Mpc−1. The TRGB method is both precise and accurate and is parallel to but independent of the Cepheid distance scale. Our value sits midway in the range defined by the current Hubble tension. It agrees at the 1.2σ level with that of the Planck Collaboration et al. estimate and at the 1.7σ level with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) SHoES measurement of H0 based on the Cepheid distance scale. The TRGB distances have been measured using deep HST Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging of galaxy halos. The zero-point of the TRGB calibration is set with a distance modulus to the Large Magellanic Cloud of 18.477 ± 0.004 (stat) ± 0.020 (sys) mag, based on measurement of 20 late-type detached eclipsing binary stars, combined with an HST parallax calibration of a 3.6 μm Cepheid Leavitt law based on Spitzer observations. We anchor the TRGB distances to galaxies that extend our measurement into the Hubble flow using the recently completed Carnegie Supernova Project I ( CSP-I ) sample containing about 100 well-observed SNe Ia . There are several advantages of halo TRGB distance measurements relative to Cepheid variables; these include low halo reddening, minimal effects of crowding or blending of the photometry, only a shallow (calibrated) sensitivity to metallicity in the I band, and no need for multiple epochs of observations or concerns of different slopes with period. In addition, the host masses of our TRGB host-galaxy sample are higher, on average, than those of the Cepheid sample, better matching the range of host-galaxy masses in the CSP-I distant sample and reducing potential systematic effects in the SNe Ia measurements
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. VIII. An Independent Determination of the Hubble Constant Based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
We present a new and independent determination of the local value of the
Hubble constant based on a calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
(TRGB) applied to Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa). We find a value of Ho = 69.8 +/-
0.8 (+/-1.1\% stat) +/- 1.7 (+/-2.4\% sys) km/sec/Mpc. The TRGB method is both
precise and accurate, and is parallel to, but independent of the Cepheid
distance scale. Our value sits midway in the range defined by the current
Hubble tension. It agrees at the 1.2-sigma level with that of the Planck 2018
estimate, and at the 1.7-sigma level with the SHoES measurement of Ho based on
the Cepheid distance scale. The TRGB distances have been measured using deep
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) imaging of
galaxy halos. The zero point of the TRGB calibration is set with a distance
modulus to the Large Magellanic Cloud of 18.477 +/- 0.004 (stat) +/-0.020 (sys)
mag, based on measurement of 20 late-type detached eclipsing binary (DEB)
stars, combined with an HST parallax calibration of a 3.6 micron Cepheid
Leavitt law based on Spitzer observations. We anchor the TRGB distances to
galaxies that extend our measurement into the Hubble flow using the recently
completed Carnegie Supernova Project I sample containing about 100
well-observed SNeIa. There are several advantages of halo TRGB distance
measurements relative to Cepheid variables: these include low halo reddening,
minimal effects of crowding or blending of the photometry, only a shallow
(calibrated) sensitivity to metallicity in the I-band, and no need for multiple
epochs of observations or concerns of different slopes with period. In
addition, the host masses of our TRGB host-galaxy sample are higher on average
than the Cepheid sample, better matching the range of host-galaxy masses in the
CSP distant sample, and reducing potential systematic effects in the SNeIa
measurements.Comment: 60 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. II. The Distance to IC 1613: The Tip of the Red Giant Branch and RR Lyrae Period–luminosity Relations
IC 1613 is an isolated dwarf galaxy within the Local Group. Low foreground
and internal extinction, low metallicity, and low crowding make it an
invaluable testbed for the calibration of the local distance ladder. We present
new, high-fidelity distance estimates to IC 1613 via its Tip of the Red Giant
Branch (TRGB) and its RR Lyrae (RRL) variables as part of the Carnegie-Chicago
Hubble Program, which seeks an alternate local route to \ho using Population II
stars. We have measured a TRGB magnitude I=20.35+/-0.01 (statistical)+/-0.01
(systematic) using wide-field observations obtained from the IMACS camera on
the Magellan-Baade telescope. We have further constructed optical and
near-infrared RRL light curves using archival BI- and new H- band observations
from the ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR instruments aboard the Hubble Space Telescope
(HST). In advance of future Gaia data releases, we set provisional values for
the TRGB luminosity via the Large Magellanic Cloud and Galactic RRL zero-points
via HST parallaxes. We find corresponding true distance moduli
\mu(TRGB)=24.30+/-0.03 (statistical)+/-0.05 (systematic) and
\mu(RRL)=24.28+/-0.04 (statistical+systematic). We compare our results to a
body of recent publications on IC 1613 and find no statistically significant
difference between the distances derived from stars of Population I and II
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. III: The Distance to NGC 1365 via the Tip of the Red Giant Branch
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program seeks to anchor the distance scale of
Type Ia supernovae via the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB). Based on deep
ACS/WFC imaging, we present an analysis of the
TRGB for the metal-poor halo of NGC 1365, a giant spiral galaxy in the Fornax
Cluster that is host to the supernova SN2012fr. We have measured its
extinction-corrected TRGB magnitude to be F814W mag. In advance of future direct calibration by , we set a
provisional TRGB luminosity via the Large Magellanic Cloud and find a true
distance modulus mag or Mpc. This high-fidelity measurement shows
excellent agreement with recent Cepheid-based distances to NGC 1365 and
suggests no significant difference in the distances derived from stars of
Population I and II. We revisit the error budget for the path to the
Hubble Constant based on this analysis of one of our most distant hosts,
finding a 2.5% measurement is feasible with our current sample.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, submitted to ApJ, typos correcte
- …