Serviço de nutrição em reabilitação física: perfil epidemiológico de pacientes em atendimento ambulatorial

Estima-se que uma pessoa em cada dez possua algum tipo de deficiência, ou seja, 10% da população mundial. Na deficiência física as causas mais comuns são: amputação, acidente vascular encefálico, traumatismo crânio encefálico, lesão medular, fibromialgia, doenças neurodegenerativas e entre outras. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos pacientes atendidos pelo serviço de nutrição do Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação (IMREA) - unidade Vila Mariana, São Paulo, no período de fevereiro de 2012 a setembro de 2015. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, os dados foram obtidos de prontuários de atendimentos onde foram coletados os dados: sexo, idade, equipe de atendimento, doenças associadas, índice de massa corporal inicial e final, hábito intestinal inicial e final. Resultados: A população estudada teve predomínio das seguintes características gênero feminino; adulto jovem; principal etiologia lesão encefálica; o diagnóstico de hipertensão associada a maioria dos casos; maior parte está acima do peso. Conclusão: Observou-se melhora importante do hábito intestinal pós programa de educação nutricional.It is estimated that one person in ten has a deficiency, which is 10% of the world’s population. The most common causes of physical disability are amputation, stroke, head trauma, spinal cord injury, fibromyalgia, and neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: This study sought to describe the profile of patients served by the nutrition service at the Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação (IMREA) - Vila Mariana Unit, São Paulo, between February 2012 and September 2015. Method: This is a descriptive study whose data were obtained from medical records of visits where the following data were collected: gender, age, service personnel, associated diseases, initial and final body mass index, and initial and final bowel habits. Results: The studied population was predominantly female; young adult; main etiology of brain damage; diagnosed hypertension associated in most cases; and mostly overweight. Conclusion: Observed significant improvement in bowel habits after nutrition education program

Dieta materna rica em gordura durante a gravidez ou lactação altera o desenvolvimento somático e neurológico da prole

The maternal exposure to high fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and breastfeeding have been considered an important inducer of alterations in offspring normal programming, both in animals and humans, and may disturb brain development. In the present study we investigated the somatic and sensory-motor development of the offspring from rat dams fed a HFD, compared with dams fed a control diet, during pregnancy or lactation. Indicators of the body growth, physical maturation, and reflex ontogeny were evaluated. Offspring of dams fed a HFD showed reduced weight and body growth, delayed physical maturation, and delayed maturation of the physiological reflexes, such as vibrissa placing, auditory startle response, and free-fall righting. Our findings suggest that maternal HFD during pregnancy or lactation modifies somatic and neurological development of the offspring, possibly increasing the risk of neuroendocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders later in life.A exposição materna a dieta rica em gordura (DRG) durante a gravidez e a amamentação tem sido considerada um importante indutor de alterações da programação normal da prole, em animais e humanos, e pode atrapalhar o desenvolvimento do cérebro. No presente estudo, investigamos o desenvolvimento somático e sensório-motor da prole de ratas alimentadas com uma DRG, em comparação com ratas alimentadas com uma dieta controle, durante a gravidez ou lactação. Foram avaliados indicadores de crescimento corporal, maturação física e ontogênese de reflexos. A prole de ratas alimentadas com DRG mostrou redução de peso e crescimento do corpo, atraso da maturação física e maturação tardia de reflexos fisiológicos, tais como colocação pelas vibrissas, resposta ao susto e reação de aceleração. Nossos resultados sugerem que DRG materna durante a gravidez ou lactação modifica desenvolvimento somático e neurológico da prole, possivelmente aumentando o risco para distúrbios neuroendócrinos e neuropsiquiátricos mais tarde na vida

Delayed physical and neurobehavioral development and increased aggressive and depression-like behaviors in the rat offspring of dams fed a high-fat diet

Early maternal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) may influence the brain development of rat offspring and consequently affect physiology and behavior. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the somatic, physical, sensory-motor and neurobehavioral development of the offspring of dams fed an HFD (52% calories from fat, mainly saturated) and the offspring of dams fed a control diet (CD - 14.7% fat) during lactation from the 1st to the 21st postnatal day (P). Maternal body weights were evaluated during lactation. in the progeny, somatic (body weight, head and lengths axes) and physical (ear unfolding, auditory conduit opening, eruption of the incisors and eye opening) development and the consolidation of reflex responses (palm grasp, righting, vibrissa placing, cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis, auditory startle response and free-fall righting) were determined during suckling. Depressive and aggressive behaviors were tested with the forced swimming test (FST) and the foot-shock test on days 60 and 110, respectively. the open field test was used to assess motor function. Compared to controls, the HFD-pups exhibited decreases in body weight (P7-P21) and body length (P4-P18), but by days P71 and P95, these pups were overweight. All indicators of physical maturation and the consolidation of the following reflexes, vibrissa placing, auditory startle responses, free-fall righting and negative geotaxis, were delayed in HFD-progeny. in addition, the pups from HFD dam rats also exhibited reduced swimming and climbing times in the FST and increased aggressive behavior. No changes in locomotion were observed. These findings show developmental and neurobehavioral changes in the rat offspring of dams fed the HFD during lactation and suggest possible disruption of physical and sensory-motor maturation and increased susceptibility to depressive and aggressive-like behavior. (C) 2013 ISDN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biosci, BR-11060001 Santos, BrazilInterdisciplinary Master Hlth Sci UNIFESP, BR-11060001 Santos, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biosci, BR-11060001 Santos, BrazilInterdisciplinary Master Hlth Sci UNIFESP, BR-11060001 Santos, BrazilFAPESP: 11/17574-4FAPESP: 11/15329-2Web of Scienc