Working class disempowerment: A dialectical analysis

Much like all processes, empowerment is dialectical. Rather than being a one-sided attempt, the (dis)empowerment of capital or the working class is governed by the perpetual struggle between them. Building on this, this thesis investigates the relation between both parties to the struggle, examining how workers have been disempowered by capital in our contemporary moment. By specifically focusing on production processes, social relations and mental conceptions, it analyzes workers’ position in the class struggle and outlines opportunities for their organization, stronger resistance and alternatives. The thesis conducts a universal analysis, while drawing on particular examples, to emphasize the similarity in different workers’ experiences, break through dominant fetishisms and enhance the working class’s position in relation to capital and, hence, its prospects for empowerment and liberation

Fluorimetric determination of diosmin and hesperidin in combined dosage forms and in plasma through complex formation with terbium

AbstractA sensitive and simple fluorimetric method was developed for the determination of diosmin and hesperidin. The proposed method involves the formation of ternary complex with Tb3+ in the presence of Tris buffer. The fluorescence quenching of Tb3+ at 549 and 494nm (λex at 275 and 248nm) due to the complex formation was quantitatively measured for diosmin and hesperidin, respectively. The reaction conditions and the fluorescence spectral properties of the complexes have been investigated. Under the described conditions, the proposed method was applicable over the concentration range (4.93×10−6–1.81×10−5mol) and (3.28×10−6–1.64×10−5mol) with mean percentage recoveries 100.22±0.89 and 99.13±0.72 for diosmin and hesperidin, respectively. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of studied drugs in bulk powder, dosage forms and plasma samples. The results obtained by applying the described method were statistically analyzed and compared with those obtained by applying a reported method. The method was validated according to ICH recommendations

Functional characterization of PHHI-inducing mutations in SUR1

To test the hypothesis that PHHI results from locking the sulfonylurea receptor in non binding state characterized by low affinity for Kcos and nucleoside diphosphates and a lack of an inhibitory effect of MgATP on glibenclamide binding 22 mutations in SUR1 known to cause PHHI were analyzed. Four of the PHHI mutations were found to completely abolish and nine to significantly weaken diazoxide binding and reduce the inhibitory effect of MgATP on high affinity [³H]glibenclamide binding. The findings convincingly support the idea that locking the receptor in off conformation induces PHHI. Based on a sequence alignment between HisP and the NBFs of SUR1and the data from the crystal structure of Hisp, a tertiary structure of the NBFs of SURs was deduced and the functional relevance of residues predicted to be critical for ATP binding was examined. To propose a structural basis for the defects of PHHI mutants the location of several PHHI mutations in the tertiary structure was determined. The results suggest that some of the PHHI mutants are critical for the coordination of ATP, while others are essential for transducing conformational changes resulting from ATP hydrolysis.22 Mutationen in SUR 1 mit bekannter Ursache für PHHI wurden analysiert, um die Hypothese zu testen, dass PHHI als Folge des Schließens des Sulfonylharnstoffrezeptors in seiner nicht bindenden Zustand sein könnte. Vier Mutationen haben die Bindung von Diazoxid völlig aufgehoben, wobei neun sie signifikant geschwächt haben. Alle haben den inhibatorischen Effekt von MgATP auf der hochaffinen Bindung von [3H]Glibenclamid reduziert. Diese Ergebnisse unterstützen daher die Idee, dass Schliessen des Rezeptors in seiner off- Konformation PHHI induziert. Basiert auf den Sequenziervergleich zwischen Hisp und den NBFs von SUR 1 und die von der Kristallstruktur von Hisp gewonnenen Informationen, wurde eine ternäre Struktur von den NBFs von SURs hergeleitet. Außerdem wurde die funktionelle Relevanz einiger Aminosäuren, die vermutlich von kritischer Bedeutung für die ATPBindung sind, getestet. Ferner wurde die Lokalität mehrer PHHI-Mutanten in der ternären Struktur bestimmt, um eine strukturelle Basis für die Defekte der PHHIMutante vorzulegen. Die Ergebnisse vermuten, dass einige PHHI-Mutante kritisch für die Koordination von ATP sind, während andere für die von der ATP-Hydrolyse resultierende konformationelle Änderungen notwendig sind

Liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of Moexipril and its active metabolite Moexiprilat in human plasma

A selective, sensitive, and rapid liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and subsequently validated for the simultaneous determination of Moexipril (MOX), and its active metabolite Moexiprilat (MOXT) in spiked human plasma, using Benazepril (BENZ) as an internal standard (IS). Various modes were tried and the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode was found the most suitable one. The two analytes and Benazepril (IS) were extracted from human plasma by simple protein precipitation using acetonitrile as the precipitating solvent. The stationary phase used was a C18 Sunfire column while water and acetonitrile at 0.1% formic acid (30:70, v:v) was used as a mobile phase. The flow rate used was 0.8 mL/min. Food and Drug Administration guidelines were followed for the method validation. The linearity range was found to be 0.5-100 ng/mL for MOX and 5-200 ng/mL for MOXT and the correlation coefficient was more than 0.9980 for each analyte. Results for accuracy and precision showed satisfactory results. Also the method was compared with reported HPLC method and no significant difference was found

STABILITY INDICATING CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS CONTAINING CALCIUM DOBESILATE IN THE PRESENCE OF ITS INTERFERING SUBSTANCES

Objective: Two simple, accurate and precise chromatographic methods were developed for the determination of calcium dobesilate in the presence of its interfering substances as its degradation product and/or impurity hydroquinone in pharmaceutical dosage forms with lidocaine hydrochloride alone or in combination with dexamethasone acetate. Methods: The first method is HPTLC-spectrodensitometric one using benzene: methanol: ethyl acetate: ammonia: sodium lauryl sulphate (7: 2.1: 2.5: 0.1: 0.05 v/v/v/v/w) as a developing system and scanned at 220 nm. Second one is an HPLC method where the mixture was separated on an ODS-3 C18 column with flow rate 1 ml/min and the mobile phase was phosphate buffer: acetonitrile (35:65 v/v) (adjusted to pH 3.4 with o- phosphoric acid), scanned at 220 nm. Results: The robustness of the method was determined to assess the effect of small but deliberate variation of the chromatographic conditions on the determination of cited drugs in a presence of interfering substances. Robustness was determined by changing the mobile phase flow rate to 0.5, 1,and 1.5 mLmin−1, pH to 3.5, 4, and 5, and the concentration of acetonitrile in the mobile phase to 60% and 80%. The proposed methods were checked using laboratory-prepared mixtures and were successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing the cited drugs and were validated via ICH guidelines. Conclusion: The proposed methods could be used for the routine analysis of the cited drugs in their pharmaceutical formulation in quality control laboratories