Non-motorised transport facility guidelines : what is new and why?

During 2013, the Department of Transport realised that one of the issues contributing to the lack of appropriate Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) infrastructure, is the fact that the 2003 Pedestrian and Bicycle Facility Guidelines were outdated. Although the Pedestrian and Cycling Facility Guidelines (DOT, 2003) included some very good information, there were gaps that needed to be addressed. One of these gaps was the lack of design examples. Furthermore, the DOT realised that Universal Access principles need to be adopted, and that implementation will only follow if guidelines are all inclusive. The new guidelines provide guidance on the accommodation of NMT under all conditions. This includes NMT only routes (which follow the NMT desire lines), completely separated NMT (for example along freeways), adjacent NMT facility on arterials and collectors and party mixed motorised and NMT traffic (specifically for cyclists and the likes) at local streets. Other aspects included in the guidelines are the integration with public transport (PT) and the need for facilities (for example bicycle parking) at the trip ends. Furthermore, surface design, maintenance and operations of NMT facilities are now included in the NMT Facility Guidelines (DoT, 2014). This paper provides a summary of the content of the new NMT Facility Guidelines (DOT, 2014) and the reasoning behind choices that were made regarding the various design aspects.Paper presented at the 34th Annual Southern African Transport Conference 6-9 July 2015 "Working Together to Deliver - Sakha Sonke", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.The Minister of Transport, South AfricaTransportation Research Board of the US

Polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and a novel intumescent additive

A novel intumescent additive was synthesized by neutralizing 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride salt with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. This compound, which melts at 257 °C, decomposes concurrently to release carbon dioxide gas. The flame retardant performance of this compound as a primary fire retardant and in combination with expandable graphite was evaluated by cone calorimetry. Cone calorimeter results revealed that addition of 10 wt.% expandable graphite alone lowers peak heat release rate of carbon black-pigmented polyethylene from 710 ± 109 kW m-2 to 342 ± 15 kW m-2, while addition of 27 wt.% of the novel intumescent lowered it to 400 ± 16 kW m-2. Combinations of these two additives were able to decrease the peak heat release rate even further. Furthermore, the novel intumescent additive reduced the flame out time from 773 ± 307 s to 537 ± 69 s although all other expandable graphite containing samples increased it.South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the National Research Foundation (NRF)http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1097-46282015-07-31hb201

Cone calorimeter study of polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and intumescent fire-retardant additives

Polyethylene was flame retarded with two intumescent-type additives, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phosphate and ethylenediamine phosphate, which differ with respect to their decomposition onset temperatures, along with varying ratios of two grades of expandable graphite, also differing with respect to their onset temperatures for exfoliation. Hot-pressed sheet specimens were subjected to evaluation in a cone calorimeter. Although the best char yields were obtained with formulations containing the higher decomposition temperature intumescent, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phosphate, the overall best performance was realized using the lower decomposition temperature intumescent, ethylenediamine phosphate, when compounded together with the low exfoliation temperature expandable graphite. These results are attributed to the formation, at the burning surface, of a more cohesive char with better thermal and mass transfer barrier properties.South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the National Research Foundation (NRF).http://jfs.sagepub.comhb201

Thermal properties of polyethylene flame retarded with expandable graphite and intumescent fire retardant additives

Low-density polyethylene was flame retarded by combinations of expandable graphite with either ethylenediamine phosphate or 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid phosphate. Cone calorimeter, laser pyrolysis, and open flame exposure tests (supported by video and infrared camera data capture and analysis) were conducted to assess ignition and burn behavior. Cone calorimeter results indicated substantial reductions in the peak heat release rates for all flame-retarded samples but with reduced ignition times and increased flame out times. Smoke generation was suppressed in the presence of expandable graphite. Infrared and video data from open flame fire tests indicated cohesive bonding of expanded strings and thermal shielding properties in all binary systems. All binary systems delivered fire retardation exceeding any of the single fire retardant compounds. They were also able to withstand higher temperatures before ignition, burn through, or sag occurred. All ethylenediamine phosphate-containing binary systems prevented sample burn through, maintaining structural integrity of samples until eventual melting of the polymer media occurred. Thermogravimetric analysis laser pyrolysis results confirmed the good thermal shielding imparted by the intumescent additives.The South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the National Research Foundation (NRF).http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-10182018-10-30hj2017Chemical Engineerin

A new hot-mix design method for Southern Africa

Paper presented at the South African Transport Conference 17 - 20 July 2000 "Action in transport for the new millennium", CSIR International Convention Centre, Pretoria, South Africa.This paper was transferred from the original CD ROM created for this conference. The material on the CD ROM was published using Adobe Acrobat technology. The original CD ROM was produced by Document Transformation Technologies Postal Address: PO Box 560 Irene 0062 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 667 2074 Fax: +27 12 667 2766 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.doctech.co.z