Cultural Roots of Pandemic Response Strategy and Its Interplay with Economic Performance

Nilai-nilai kultural memberikan efek pada berbagai bidang kehidupan, sehingga terdapat kemungkinan bahwa nilai kultural juga berperan dalam bagaimana cara pemerintah suatu negara menangani pandemi. Karena pandemi maupun kebijakan penanganan pandemi juga berdampak pada ekonomi, menjadi penting untuk mengetahui pula bagaimana kebijakan ini berinteraksi dengan kinerja ekonomi suatu negara. Penelitian ini memeriksa perbedaan nilai kultural (materialisme, otonomi, sekularisme, jarak kekuasaan, maskulinitas, individualisme, dan penghindaran ketidakpastian), kebijakan keketatan pembatasan (stringency index), laju transmisi Covid-19, dan kinerja ekonomi negara-negara di dunia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari 42 negara di dunia menggunakan metode regresi berganda. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan kalau nilai kultural dapat membentuk respon terhadap pandemi maupun laju transmisi Covid-19, namun tidak berdampak langsung pada kinerja ekonomi negara. Penelitian ini memiliki implikasi kebijakan dengan mempertimbangkan risiko pandemi selanjutnya di masa datang

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi pada Perusahaan Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018-2020)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh Earning per Share terhadap Nilai Perusahaan, (2) menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh Debt to Equity Ratio terhadap Nilai Perusahaan, (3) menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh Return on Equity terhadap Nilai Perusahaan, (4) menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh Total Asset Turnover terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksplanatori (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Earning per Share (X1), Debt to Equity Ratio (X2), Return on Equity (X3), Total Asset Turnover (X4) dan Nilai Perusahaan (Y). Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 13 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Earning per Share (X1), Debt to Equity Ratio (X2) Return on Equity (X3) dan Total Asset Turnover (X4) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Y). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa variabel Earning per Share (X1) dan Return on Equity (X3) secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Y)

Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh Earning per Share terhadap Nilai Perusahaan, (2) menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh Debt to Equity Ratio terhadap Nilai Perusahaan, (3) menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh Return on Equity terhadap Nilai Perusahaan, (4) menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh Total Asset Turnover terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksplanatori (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Earning per Share (X1), Debt to Equity Ratio (X2), Return on Equity (X3), Total Asset Turnover (X4) dan Nilai Perusahaan (Y). Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui situs resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 13 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Earning per Share (X1), Debt to Equity Ratio (X2) Return on Equity (X3) dan Total Asset Turnover (X4) secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Y). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa variabel Earning per Share (X1) dan Return on Equity (X3) secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Y)

Exploring the Ethical Dimensions of Testing and Assessment: An Investigation Into Grade Inflation Among EFL Teachers

Concerns over grade inflation have been raised since teachers tend to give students higher grades than they should. If the level of achievement does not correspond to an appropriate improvement in quality, it can raise concerns about the value of grades as a meaningful measure of academic achievement as well as the integrity and effectiveness of the education system. This research aims to find out how EFL teachers perceive grade inflation and what procedures and ethical considerations they follow in the grade inflation process. A descriptive qualitative study was employed using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with two high school EFL teachers in Bandung. The result showed that although academic performance remains a central consideration, unconscious biases may influence grading when student behavior is factored into assessments. Moreover, teachers acknowledge the dilemma of doing grade inflation where they actually get pressure implicitly from the assessment system, which often takes the form of minimum competency standard (KKM/KKTP). However, they approach it positively, viewing it as an opportunity to enhance student abilities. Despite employing different procedures and assessment criteria in their grade inflation practices, both teachers incorporate ethics. This highlights the need for all teachers to understand and implement ethical grading practices