Measurement of Viscosity of Molten Light Alloys, Copper Alloys, and Cast Irons at High Temperatures by the Rotating Cylinder Method

1. The rotating cylinder method was adopted with success for the measurement of the viscosity of various molten metals and alloys. 2. The measuring apparatus is fully described. 3. The viscosity of molten aluminium and a number of casting light alloys (Al-Cu, Al-Zn, Al-Cu-Zn, Al-Si, Al-Cu-Ni, Al-Cu-Ni-Mg, and silumin) was measured. 4. The viscosity of various casting copper alloys (aluminium-bronze, bronze, phosphor-bronze, brass, gun metal and manganese-bronze) was measured. 5. The authors found two change points at 765°C and 855°C in molten aluminium and light alloys during the measurement of viscosity, and their existence was further verified by thermal analysis and measurement of the electric resistance. 6. The modification of silumin seems to have some connection with the change at 765 °C. By modification the change point is moved to a lower temperature. 7. The influence of various impurities upon the viscosity of cast iron have been ascertained. Phosphorus, carbon, silicon. and manganese improve the viscosity of cast iron in different degrees but sulphur has a marked injurious effect on it

Influence of Addition of Nickel on the Thermal Expansion, Rigidity Modulus and Its Temperature Coefficient of the Alloys of Cobalt, Iron and Chromium, Especially of Co-elinvar. I : Additions of 10 and 20 per cent of Nickel

The influence of additions of 10 and 20 per cent of nickel on the thermal expansion in the range from 10 to 50°, rigidity modulus at 20°and its temperature coefficient in the range from 20 to 50°of the alloys of cobalt, iron and chromium was studied. The relations between those properties and the concentrations of nickel-added alloys were almost similar qualitatively to those in the case of the ternary alloys of cobalt, iron and chromium, that is, there were two groups of alloys, one showing a positive temperature coefficient of rigidity modulus and the other a negative. In the case of addition of 10 per cent of nickel, the smallest thermal expansion coefficient was 2.20×10^, while in the case of addition of 20 per cent, it was 1.69×10^. The largest positive values of the temperature coefficients of rigidity modulus in the corresponding cases were respectively+46.7×10^ and + 66.0×10^. The largest and smallest values of rigidity modulus in the case of addition of 10 per cent of nickel were 9.10×10^5 kg/cm^2 and 6.00×10^5 kg/cm^2, and in the case of 20 per cent of nickel they were respectively 8.36×10^5kg/cm^2 and 5.09×10^5kg/cm^2

Thermal Expansion Coefficient, Rigidity Modulus and Its Temperature Coefficient of the Alloys of Iron, Nickel, Cobalt and Chromium, and Relations of Super Invar to Stainless Invar and of Elinvar to Co-Elinvar

The influence of an addition of chromium on the thermal expansion, rigidity modulus and its temperature coefficient of the alloys of iron, nickel and cobalt has been determined. It has been found that, in the relations of the thermal expansion cofficient or the temperature coefficient of rigidity modulus to the concentration of the alloys of iron, nickel, cobalt and chromium, there are two ranges of the minimum values of the expansion coefficient or the maximum values of the positive temperature coefficient of the modulus, one of which originates at the composition of invar, that is, in the neighbourhood of the composition of super invar, or elinvar in the binary system of iron and nickel, and the other at those of stainless invar or co-elinvar in the ternary system of iron, cobalt and chromium ; they come together at the section of 10 per cent of chromium of the quaternary system, showing that stainless invar or co-elinvar are closely connected respectively with invar (super invar) or elinvar, and also that the nickel and the cobalt contained in each alloy can be substituted almost linearly by each other

Combined Use of a Solid-Phase Hexapeptide Ligand Library with Liquid Chromatography and Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis for Intact Plasma Proteomics

The intact plasma proteome is of great interest in biomarker studies because intact proteins reflect posttranslational protein processing such as phosphorylation that may correspond to disease status. We examined the utility of a solid-phase hexapeptide ligand library in combination with conventional plasma proteomics modalities for comprehensive profiling of intact plasma proteins. Plasma proteins were sequentially fractionated using depletion columns for albumin and immunoglobulin, and separated using an anion-exchange column. Proteins in each fraction were treated with a solid-phase hexapeptide ligand library and compared to those without treatment. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis demonstrated an increased number of protein spots in the treated samples. Mass spectrometric studies of these protein spots with unique intensity in the treated samples resulted in the identification of high- and medium-abundance proteins. Our results demonstrated the possible utility of a solid-phase hexapeptide ligand library to reveal greater number of intact plasma proteins. The characteristics of proteins with unique affinity to the library remain to be clarified by more extensive mass spectrometric protein identification, and optimized protocols should be established for large-scale plasma biomarker studies

Refractory Organic Solute Decomposition in Water using Microwave Plasma

金沢大学理工研究域サステナブルエネルギー研究センタ

Prompt and Long-term Prophylactic Effect of Closed Loop Stimulation against Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in a Patient with Sick Sinus Syndrome

A 72-year-old woman with sick sinus syndrome (SSS), who had frequent paroxysmal atrial fibrillations (PAfs) and normal cardiac function, was admitted to our hospital due to syncope. PAfs frequently occurred during the first week after DDD pacemaker implantation (PMI), with closed loop stimulation (CLS) rate-adaptive mode off, but were completely suppressed during the second week, with CLS on, and had been well-controlled over three years thereafter. However, PAfs occasionally occurred under intense sympathetic activity during 6 months after PMI as well, and were effectively terminated by disopyramide which had anticholinergic effect. Thus, the development and maintenance of PAf were thought to be associated with destabilized cardiac autonomic activities, that is, sympathetic and parasympathetic dominance, respectively. Additionally, heart rate variability analyses after implementation of CLS revealed the restoration of sympathetic and parasympathetic components. Accordingly, CLS mode was considered to play a critical role in preventing PAf by reflecting autonomic activity in heart rhythm in this SSS patient

Modification of a loop sequence between α-helices 6 and 7 of virus capsid (CA) protein in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) derivative that has simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac239) vif and CA α-helices 4 and 5 loop improves replication in cynomolgus monkey cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) productively infects only humans and chimpanzees but not cynomolgus or rhesus monkeys while simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from macaque (SIVmac) readily establishes infection in those monkeys. Several HIV-1 and SIVmac chimeric viruses have been constructed in order to develop an animal model for HIV-1 infection. Construction of an HIV-1 derivative which contains sequences of a SIVmac239 loop between α-helices 4 and 5 (L4/5) of capsid protein (CA) and the entire SIVmac239 <it>vif </it>gene was previously reported. Although this chimeric virus could grow in cynomolgus monkey cells, it did so much more slowly than did SIVmac. It was also reported that intrinsic TRIM5α restricts the post-entry step of HIV-1 replication in rhesus and cynomolgus monkey cells, and we previously demonstrated that a single amino acid in a loop between α-helices 6 and 7 (L6/7) of HIV type 2 (HIV-2) CA determines the susceptibility of HIV-2 to cynomolgus monkey TRIM5α.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the study presented here, we replaced L6/7 of HIV-1 CA in addition to L4/5 and <it>vif </it>with the corresponding segments of SIVmac. The resultant HIV-1 derivatives showed enhanced replication capability in established T cell lines as well as in CD8+ cell-depleted primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cynomolgus monkey. Compared with the wild type HIV-1 particles, the viral particles produced from a chimeric HIV-1 genome with those two SIVmac loops were less able to saturate the intrinsic restriction in rhesus monkey cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have succeeded in making the replication of simian-tropic HIV-1 in cynomolgus monkey cells more efficient by introducing into HIV-1 the L6/7 CA loop from SIVmac. It would be of interest to determine whether HIV-1 derivatives with SIVmac CA L4/5 and L6/7 can establish infection of cynomolgus monkeys <it>in vivo</it>.</p

ナンキョク チホウサン ユークセンセキ ノ ゼッタイ ネンレイ

南極地方Lutzow-Holm Bayの東海岸,Skallen地区に見出された花崗岩ペグマタイト中の強放射性鉱物,ユークセン石の年令決定を鉛法により行ない,Pb-206/U-238,Pb-207/U-235,Pb-208/Th-232,Pb-207/Pb-206の比を測定することによって年令を算出した.従来,しばしば異常な値を示すと考えられているPb-208/Th-232の比を除けは,他の三つの比から得られる年令は相当によい一致を示し,平均約470×10^5年程度である.最近AHRENSらは著者の一人(立見)とともに,南極地方の同一地域から産する黒雲母の年令をルビジウム-ストロンチウム法により決定したが,その年令は約500×10^6年であって,ユークセン石の年令とほぼ一致する.従来,多くの研究者により,南極地方産の岩石や鉱物の年令が報告されているが,それらは主として,カリウム-アルゴン法によって測定されたものであり,現在までにユークセン石のような強放射性鉱物を用いて行なった年令のデータは見当らないようである.現在までに集められたデータによれば,南極地方の基盤岩類の一部をなす白榴岩相に属する岩石の年令は少くとも2つのグループに分れるようである.グループAはLutzow-Holm Bayの東海岸,Mirny地区,McMurdo Soundの西側に産する岩石で,約500×10^6年の年令を持ち,グループBはKnox CoastおよびBudd Coastに産する岩石で,約900～1100×10^6年の年令を持っている.本研究を含めたいくつかの研究によって,南極地方に古生代のチャーノッカイトの産出することが確められた.従来,チャーノッカイトは先カンブリア紀に持有の岩型と考えられていたものである

Relationship between Thermal Environmental Acceptability and Individual Characteristics in an Office

We examine the acceptability of the thermal environment to office workers using data recorded with the Ostracon voting device. Although temporal changes in the overall indoor thermal environment were seemingly small, the spatial distribution of the thermal environment changed. Unacceptable votes in the middle of the thermal environment occurred regardless of the perimeter thermal environment, suggesting that temperature was less relevant to acceptability in the middle of the thermal environment