Energy potential from biomass wastes analysis at the regional level

The paper presents a methodical approach to step-by-step analysis of the agricultural waste resource potential for energy-deficient territories. On an example of model region of Russia (the Volgograd area) the estimation of agroindustrial complex waste energy potential showed that technical potential of waste only in the plant growing of the region is 10 times higher than the consumption of electricity by the rural areas of the region. In addition, the transformation of chemical bonds of crop waste into electrical energy could prevent the release of 1.86 million tons of CO2 per year for the region

Cold engine cranking by means of modern energy storage devices - physical simulation

Diesel or gasoline engine cold cranking is a serious problem for different vehicle operation in northern countries. The engine starting torque is usually provided by an on-board electrochemical battery represented by a lead-acid unit. Modern energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors (SCs), lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium (NiCd) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries react differently on low temperatures. Moreover, capacity losses also occur. Considering wide applications of such storage devices in electrical vehicles, their behaviour at low temperatures is of interest. Physical simulation of storage battery cold cranking was carried out using a climate chamber. Lithium-ion, NiCd, NiMH and lead-acid batteries were tested individually and paired with a SC unit to generate a power impulse for engine cranking. A number of experiments (up to five) for each type of storage devices were taken. The best performance results both for direct and hybrid cranking simulation were showed by LiFePO4-based and Ni-Cd batteries. The SC module itself showed the best performance, but its specific energy capacity cost is too high to have a large battery system based on SCs only. In this case a combined storage could give enough power to fulfill cranking demands

Cold engine cranking by means of modern energy storage devices - physical simulation

Diesel or gasoline engine cold cranking is a serious problem for different vehicle operation in northern countries. The engine starting torque is usually provided by an on-board electrochemical battery represented by a lead-acid unit. Modern energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors (SCs), lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium (NiCd) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries react differently on low temperatures. Moreover, capacity losses also occur. Considering wide applications of such storage devices in electrical vehicles, their behaviour at low temperatures is of interest. Physical simulation of storage battery cold cranking was carried out using a climate chamber. Lithium-ion, NiCd, NiMH and lead-acid batteries were tested individually and paired with a SC unit to generate a power impulse for engine cranking. A number of experiments (up to five) for each type of storage devices were taken. The best performance results both for direct and hybrid cranking simulation were showed by LiFePO4-based and Ni-Cd batteries. The SC module itself showed the best performance, but its specific energy capacity cost is too high to have a large battery system based on SCs only. In this case a combined storage could give enough power to fulfill cranking demands