Associação entre supervisão parental e vitimização e perpetração de bullying em adolescentes brasileiros, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015

Objective: To analyze the association between parental supervision characteristics and different bullying roles among Brazilian school adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study that used data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) 2015. Frequent meals with parents/guardians, knowledge about free time, and checking homework were the parental practices assessed. Logistic regression was used for association between 4 these practices and bullying (perpetration and victimization), presented as oddsratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Among 102,072 school adolescents, frequent meals with parents or guardians [ORvitim=0.86 (95%CI 0.84;0.89); ORperp=0.85 (95%CI 0.82;0.88)], checking homework [ORvitim=0.95 (95%CI 0.92;0.97); ORperp=0.76 (95%CI:0.74;0.78)], and parents or guardian’s knowledge of students’ free time [ORperp=0.70 (95%CI 0.68;0.73] were inversely associated with bullying. Conclusion: Greater parental supervision reduced the chance of victimization and perpetration bullying among adolescents.Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre las características de la supervisión parental y los diferentes roles del bullying entre adolescentes brasileños. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar de Adolescentes (PeNSE) 2015. Las comidas frecuentes con los padres/tutores, el conocimiento sobre el tiempo libre y la verificación de la tarea fueron las prácticas parentales evaluadas. Se utilizo regresión logística para la asociación entre prácticas y bullying (perpetración y victimización), presentada como razón de probabilidades (RP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Entre102.072 estudiantes, comidas frecuentes [RPvitim=0,86 (IC95%0,84;0,89); RPperp=0,85 (IC95% 0,82;0,88)] y verificación de la tarea [RPvitim=0,95 (IC95% 0,92;0,97); ORperp=0,76 (IC95% 0,74;0,78)] y conocimiento de los padres/tutores sobre el tiempo libre [RPperp=0,70 (IC95% 0,68;0,73)] se asociaron inversamente con el acoso. Conclusión: Una mayor supervisión de los padres redujo el acoso en los estudiantes.Objetivo: Analisar associação entre características de supervisão parental e diferentes papéis de bullying entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. Realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis, conhecimento sobre o tempo livre e verificação dos deveres de casa foram as práticas parentais avaliadas. Utilizou-se regressão logística para associação entre essas práticas e bullying (perpetração e vitimização), apresentada como razão de odds (RO) e intervalos de confianças de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Entre 102.072 escolares, a realização frequente de refeições com os pais ou responsáveis [ROvitim=0,86 (IC95% 0,84;0,89); ROperp=0,85 (IC95% 0,82;0,88)], a verificação dos deveres de casa [ROvitim=0,95 (IC95% 0,92;0,97); ROperp=0,76 (IC95% 0,74;0,78)] e o conhecimento dos pais ou responsáveis sobre o tempo livre dos escolares [ROperp=0,70 (IC95% 0,68;0,73)] foram inversamente associadas ao bullying. Conclusão: Maior supervisão parental reduziu a chance de vitimização e perpetração do bullying entre adolescentes escolares

Mortalidade por Câncer de Cólon e Reto no Brasil e suas Regiões entre 2006 e 2020

Introdução: No Brasil, estima-se a ocorrência de 704 mil casos novos de câncer para cada ano do triênio 2023-2025, sendo o câncer de cólon e reto (CCR) o tipo de neoplasia responsável pela terceira maior taxa de mortalidade para ambos os sexos. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal de mortalidade prematura por CCR de 2006 a 2020, em ambos os sexos, no Brasil e em suas cinco Macrorregiões, e avaliar o alcance da meta proposta pelo Plano de Ações Estratégicas para o Enfrentamento das Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis no Brasil 2011-2022 do Ministério da Saúde (MS) em relação ao CCR. Método: Estudo de séries temporais das taxas de mortalidade prematura e padronizada de CCR (CID-10: C18-21) tendo como população de estudo a do Brasil, com dados obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade do DATASUS de 2006 a 2020. Resultados: As taxas de mortalidade prematura por CCR apresentaram aumento linear ao longo do período observado, porém com importantes diferenças regionais. Em relação ao CCR, a meta proposta pelo plano do MS não foi alcançada. Conclusão: Houve um aumento das taxas de mortalidade prematura por CCR no Brasil, tendência esperada em países em desenvolvimento. Por ser um câncer que envolve fatores de risco modificáveis, são importantes ações contínuas voltadas para o manejo desses fatores, tais como políticas nacionais de promoção de saúde. Além disso, são necessários estudos que subsidiem políticas preventivas de programas de rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others