Language Indigenization in Terms of Language Contacts (Based on the Nigerian English Variant)

The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the English language Indigenization procedure on the territory of Nigeria, one of the largest countries in West Africa. The research work has the complex system to analyze the cultural and linguistic processes, which are manifested in the study under the influence of cultural factors and its influence on the language functioning. The practical work part is based on the analysis of the language thematic groups “National food” and “National clothes” presenting the specific features of Nigerian English. The results show, Nigerian English has a wide range of words denoting local realities and reflecting the adaptation of the English language to the Nigerian culture peculiarities, which are the process of indigenization. All in all, English words with new lexical meanings, words from Nigerian languages, and Portuguese loanwords have been used for naming local food and clothing elements

Influence of the Size and Shape of Halopyridines Guest Molecules G on the Crystal Structure and Conducting Properties of Molecular (Super)Conductors of (BEDT-TTF)4A+[M3+(C2O4)3]·G Family

New organic (super)conductors of the β″-(BEDT-TTF)4A+[M3+(C2O4)3]G family, where BEDT-TTF is bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene; M is Fe; A is the monovalent cation NH4+; G is 2-fluoropyridine (2-FPy) (1); 2,3-difluoropyridine (2,3-DFPy) (2); 2-chloro-3-fluoropyridine (2-Cl-3-FPy) (3); 2,6-dichloropyridine (2,6-DClPy) (4); 2,6-difluoropyridine (2,6-DFPy) (5), have been prepared and their crystal structure and transport properties were studied. All crystals have a layered structure in which the conducting layers of BEDT-TTF radical cations alternate with paramagnetic supramolecular anionic layers {A+[Fe3+(C2O4)3]3−G0}2−. Crystals 1 undergo a structural phase transition from the monoclinic (C2/c) to the triclinic (P1¯) symmetry in the range 100–150 K, whereas crystals 2–5 have a monoclinic symmetry in the entire range of the X-ray experiment (100–300 K). The alternating current (ac) conductivity of salts 1–4 exhibits metallic behavior down to 1.4 K, whereas the salt 5 demonstrates the onset of a superconducting transition at 3.1 K. The structures and conducting properties of 1–5 are compared with those of the known monoclinic phases of the family containing different monohalopyridines as “guest” solvent molecules G

The Organic Ammonium Counterion Effect on Slow Magnetic Relaxation of the [Er(hfac)₄]⁻ Complexes

The first mononuclear anionic erbium complex [Er(hfac)4]− (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetone) with an organic ammonium cation [(CH3)4N+] as the counterion was synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized. The coordination geometries around the Er ions are square antiprisms with pseudo-D4d symmetry. The complex shows distinct field-induced slow magnetization relaxation, which is described by a combination of Orbach (Ueff/kB~28.54(8) K.) and direct mechanisms. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to analyze the magnetic properties of the complex under consideration

Specific Structural Disorder in an Anion Layer and Its Influence on Conducting Properties of New Crystals of the (BEDT-TTF)4A+[M3+(ox)3]G Family, Where G Is 2-Halopyridine; M Is Cr, Ga; A+ Is [K0.8(H3O)0.2]+

New crystals (1–4) of organic conductors based on the radical cation salts of the bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) with paramagnetic and diamagnetic tris(oxalato)metallate anions {A+[M3+(ox)3]3−G}2−, where M is Cr, Ga; G is 2-chloropyridine, 2-bromopyridine; and A+ is [K0.8(H3O)0.2]+ have been prepared and their crystal structure and transport properties were studied. All crystals belong to the monoclinic group of the (BEDT-TTF)4A+[M3+(ox)3]G family with β″-packing type of conducting BEDT-TTF layers. In contrast to the known superconducting crystals with M3+ = Fe3+ and G = 2-chloro- or 2-bromopyridine (Tc = 4.0–4.3 K), crystals with Cr3+ and Ga3+ ions exhibit metallic properties down to 0.5 K without superconducting transition. Upon cooling these crystals, the incommensurate superstructure appears, which has never been observed before in the numerous β″-salts of the family. In addition, orthorhombic (sp. group Pbca) semiconducting crystals α″-(BEDT-TTF)5[Ga(ox)3]·3.4·H2O·0.6 EtOH (5) were obtained. It is a new compound in the family of BEDT-TTF crystals with tris(oxalato)metallate anions