El perfil de probables donadores de órganos y tejidos

Objetivou-se caracterizar os doadores, segundo o sexo, faixa etária, causa de morte encefálica, quantificar os doadores que apresentaram hipernatremia, hiperpotassemia e hipopotassemia e conhecer quais os órgãos mais utilizados para transplante. Trata-se de estudo de caráter quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório e retrospectivo. A pesquisa foi realizada na Organização de Procura de Órgãos do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram analisados os dados dos prontuários de 187 potenciais doadores. O acidente vascular cerebral representou 53,48% de todas as causas de morte encefálica, os distúrbios de sódio e potássio ocorreram em 82,36% dos casos e 45,46% dos potenciais doadores tinham de 41 a 60 anos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as causas naturais de morte superaram as mortes traumáticas e a maioria dos doadores apresentou alterações de sódio e potássio provavelmente relacionadas à manutenção inadequada.Se tuvo como objetivos determinar las características de los donadores según el sexo, el intervalo de edad, y, las causas por muerte encefálica; determinar el número donadores que presentaban hipernatremia, hiperpotasemia y hipopotasemia; conocer los órganos que fueron más utilizados para el trasplante. Es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio y retrospectivo. La investigación fue realizada en una Institución de donación de Órganos perteneciente al Hospital de las Clínicas de Sao Paulo. Fueron analizados los datos de 187 probables donadores. Entre las causas de muerte encefálica el 53,48% fueron por accidente cerebro vascular, en 82,36% de los casos se produjeron alteraciones en los valores de sodio y potasio y los donadores se encontraban entre 41 y 60 años de edad. Los resultados muestran que las causas naturales de muerte superaron a las muertes por traumatismo. La mayoría de los donadores tuvo alteraciones en los niveles de sodio y potasio, estando posiblemente relacionadas a medidas de conservación inadecuadas.This study aimed to characterize donors according to gender, age group, cause of brain death; quantify donors with hypernatremia, hyperpotassemia and hypopotassemia; and get to know which organs were the most used in transplantations. This quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and retrospective study was performed at the Organ Procurement Organization of the University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital das Clínicas. Data from the medical records of 187 potential donors were analyzed. Cerebrovascular accidents represented 53.48% of all brain death causes, sodium and potassium disorders occurred in 82.36% of cases and 45.46% of the potential donors were between 41 and 60 years old. The results evidenced that natural death causes exceeded traumatic deaths, and that most donors presented sodium and potassium alterations, likely associated to inappropriate maintenance

O perfil de potenciais doadores de órgãos e tecidos

This study aimed to characterize donors according to gender, age group, cause of brain death; quantify donors with hypernatremia, hyperpotassemia and hypopotassemia; and get to know which organs were the most used in transplantations. This quantitative, descriptive, exploratory and retrospective study was performed at the Organ Procurement Organization of the University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital das Clínicas. Data from the medical records of 187 potential donors were analyzed. Cerebrovascular accidents represented 53.48% of all brain death causes, sodium and potassium disorders occurred in 82.36% of cases and 45.46% of the potential donors were between 41 and 60 years old. The results evidenced that natural death causes exceeded traumatic deaths, and that most donors presented sodium and potassium alterations, likely associated to inappropriate maintenance.Se tuvo como objetivos determinar las características de los donadores según el sexo, el intervalo de edad, y, las causas por muerte encefálica; determinar el número donadores que presentaban hipernatremia, hiperpotasemia y hipopotasemia; conocer los órganos que fueron más utilizados para el trasplante. Es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio y retrospectivo. La investigación fue realizada en una Institución de donación de Órganos perteneciente al Hospital de las Clínicas de Sao Paulo. Fueron analizados los datos de 187 probables donadores. Entre las causas de muerte encefálica el 53,48% fueron por accidente cerebro vascular, en 82,36% de los casos se produjeron alteraciones en los valores de sodio y potasio y los donadores se encontraban entre 41 y 60 años de edad. Los resultados muestran que las causas naturales de muerte superaron a las muertes por traumatismo. La mayoría de los donadores tuvo alteraciones en los niveles de sodio y potasio, estando posiblemente relacionadas a medidas de conservación inadecuadas.Objetivou-se caracterizar os doadores, segundo o sexo, faixa etária, causa de morte encefálica, quantificar os doadores que apresentaram hipernatremia, hiperpotassemia e hipopotassemia e conhecer quais os órgãos mais utilizados para transplante. Trata-se de estudo de caráter quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório e retrospectivo. A pesquisa foi realizada na Organização de Procura de Órgãos do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram analisados os dados dos prontuários de 187 potenciais doadores. O acidente vascular cerebral representou 53,48% de todas as causas de morte encefálica, os distúrbios de sódio e potássio ocorreram em 82,36% dos casos e 45,46% dos potenciais doadores tinham de 41 a 60 anos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as causas naturais de morte superaram as mortes traumáticas e a maioria dos doadores apresentou alterações de sódio e potássio provavelmente relacionadas à manutenção inadequada

O USO DA CANNABIS NO TRANSTORNO DO DÉFICIT DE ATENÇÃO E HIPERATIVIDADE: FATOR DE PIORA OU COMPONENTE TERAPÊUTICO?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is the most diagnosed and medication-treated neurodevelopmental disorder in the world. It is estimated that about half of the population with the disorder will meet criteria for Substance Use Disorder at some point in their lives. Cannabis is a plant that has more than 100 extracts and presents robust evidence of effectiveness in treating some diseases and is also the illicit substance most consumed by people with ADHD in the world. This review sought to assess, through the PICOS strategy, how the use of cannabis can interfere with the clinical presentation of ADHD and whether those with the disorder can obtain therapeutic benefits from its use. Publications from the last five years were collected in the chosen databases, with subsequent analysis of the information and comparison between authors. It was observed that the use of cannabis in the context of Substance Use Desorder (SUD) was associated with worse scores on the ADHD clinical scales, but its use in a prescribed manner was associated with an improvement in the clinical condition. Furthermore, no validated dosage schemes were found for the medicinal use of cannabis and its compounds, revealing the need for greater scientific production with good methodological value.O Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) é o distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento mais diagnosticado e tratado com uso de medicações no mundo. Estima-se que cerca de metade da população portadora do transtorno irá preencher critérios para o Transtorno do Uso de Substâncias em algum momento da vida. A cannabis é uma planta que conta com mais de 100 extratos e que apresenta evidências robustas de eficácia no tratamento de algumas doenças e é também a substância ilícita mais consumida por portadores de TDAH no mundo. A presente revisão buscou aferir, através da estratégia PICOS, como o uso da cannabis pode interferir na apresentação clínica do TDAH e se os portadores do transtorno podem obter benefícios terapêuticos do seu uso. Publicações dos últimos cinco anos foram coletadas nas bases de dados escolhidas, com posterior análise das informações e confronto entre autores. Foi observado que o uso da cannabis no contexto do Transtorno do Uso de Substância (TUS) foi associado à piores pontuações nas escalas clínicas do TDAH, porém seu uso de forma prescrita foi associado com melhora do quadro clínico. Ainda, não foram encontrados esquemas posológicos validados para o uso medicamentoso da cannabis e seus compostos, revelando a necessidade de maior produção científica com bom valor metodológico.&nbsp

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Experiência dos profissionais de saúde no cuidado da pessoa com tuberculose em situação de rua

OBJECTIVE Analyzing statements of health professionals from a Street Clinic regarding care of a homeless population with tuberculosis. METHOD This is a qualitative research, conducted in the central region of São Paulo at three basic health units in the period of November to December 2014. A semi-structured interview guideline was implemented for data collection and all interviews were recorded using a digital recorder. RESULTS Six health professionals were interviewed. According to the Discourse Analysis perspective, three discursive segments emerged: experiences on care in the streets; weaknesses inherent to the treatment process; and incentives as a means of maintaining sick people in treatment. CONCLUSION Caring for a the homeless population with tuberculosis constitutes a new and challenging experience. It involves difficulties in dealing with the reality of a miserable social context, a lack and inadequacy of services, as well as care limitations for treatment and treatment dropout, which reinforces multiresistance. However, the investigated Street Clinic teams seek to expand access to health and social care services to this population.OBJETIVO Analizar los discursos de los profesionales sanitarios del Consultorio en la Calle con respecto al cuidado a la persona en situación de calle con tuberculosis. MÉTODO Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, realizada en la región central del municipio de São Paulo, en tres Unidades Básicas de Salud, en el período de noviembre a diciembre de 2014. Se utilizó un guión de entrevista semiestructura para la recolección de datos y todas las entrevistas fueron grabadas con recurso a un grabador digital. RESULTADOS Fueron entrevistados seis profesionales sanitarios. Según la perspectiva del Análisis del Discurso, emergieron tres bloques discursivos: experiencia sobre el cuidar en la calle; debilidades inherentes al proceso de tratamiento e incentivos como medio para la permanencia del sujeto enfermo en el tratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN Cuidar a la persona con tuberculosis y en situación de calle constituye una experiencia nueva y desafiadora, implica dificultades en manejar la realidad de un contexto social miserable, falta e inadecuación de servicios, así como limitaciones del cuidado para la curación y abandono del tratamiento, pudiendo reforzar la multiresistencia. Sin embargo, los equipos de Consultorio en la Calle investigados tratan de ampliar el acceso a los servicios sanitarios y asistencia social a esa población.OBJETIVO Analisar os discursos dos profissionais de saúde do Consultório na Rua em relação ao cuidado à pessoa em situação de rua com tuberculose. MÉTODO Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada na região central do município de São Paulo, em três Unidades Básicas de Saúde, no período de novembro a dezembro de 2014. Utilizou-se de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta de dados e todas as entrevistas foram gravadas com recurso a um gravador digital. RESULTADOS Foram entrevistados seis profissionais de saúde. Segundo a perspectiva da Análise de Discurso, emergiram três blocos discursivos: experiência sobre o cuidar na rua; fragilidades inerentes ao processo de tratamento e incentivos como meio para a permanência do sujeito doente no tratamento. CONCLUSÃO Cuidar da pessoa com tuberculose e em situação de rua constitui uma experiência nova e desafiadora, implica dificuldades em lidar com a realidade de um contexto social miserável, falta e inadequação de serviços, bem como limitações do cuidado para a cura e abandono do tratamento, podendo reforçar a multirresistência. Contudo, as equipes de Consultório na Rua investigadas buscam ampliar o acesso aos serviços de saúde e assistência social a essa população