113 research outputs found

    Biosynthesis and Properties of PHA Containing Monomers 3-Hydroxy-4-Methylvalerate

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    ИсслСдована ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Cupriavidus eutrophus B10646 ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ сополимСры, содСрТащиС 3-гидрокси-4-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π²Π°Π»Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ (3Π“4ΠœΠ’) [П(3Π“Π‘/3Π“Π’/3Π“4ΠœΠ’)]. Показана Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ синтСза Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сополимСров, содСрТащих ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ 3Π“Π‘, 3Π“Π’ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ 3Π“4ΠœΠ’ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ масляной кислоты ΠΈ субстрата-ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ сСмСйство сополимСров с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ содСрТаниСм 3Π“4ΠœΠ’ максимально Π΄ΠΎ 7,7 ΠΌΠΎΠ». %. Показано сущСствСнноС сниТСниС стСпСни кристалличности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ содСрТания ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² 3Π“Π’ ΠΈ 3Π“4ΠœΠ’ Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ измСнСния тСрмичСского повСдСния сополимСров ΠΈ падСния Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ молСкулярной массыThe ability of wild-type strain Cupriavidus eutrophus B10646 to synthesize copolymers containing 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate (3H4MV) [P(3HB/3HV/3H4MV)] was studied. The possibility of synthesis of terpolymers containing 3HB, 3HV and 3H4MV monomers using glucose, or butyric acid and co-substrate was shown. A family of copolymers with different content of 3H4MV monomer was synthesized. The highest content of 3H4MV was 7.7 mol. %. Increase of 3HV and 3H4MV content in copolymers caused the reduction of crystallinity degree and of molecular weight, and changes of thermal characteristics of copolymer

    Herbicidal activity of slow-release herbicide formulations in wheat stands infested by weeds

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    This study addresses herbicidal activity of experimental formulations of metribuzin and tribenuron-methyl embedded in the degradable matrix of natural poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB/MET) and P(3HB)/TBM] in stands of soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. Altaiskaya 70) infested by weeds – white sweet clover Melilotus albus and lamb’s quarters Chenopodium album – under laboratory conditions. Indicators of herbicidal activity were the density and weight of the vegetative organs of weeds measured during 30-day and 50-day experiments. Wheat crop yield was estimated as dependent on the method of herbicide delivery and the decrease in weed density. The experimental MET and TBM formulations showed pronounced herbicidal activity against the weed species used in the study. The effectiveness of the experimental formulations in inhibiting weed growth was comparable to and, sometimes, higher than that of the commercial formulations (positive control). The amount of the biomass of the wheat treated with the experimental herbicide formulations was significantly greater than that of the wheat treated with commercial formulations

    Colonial Green Alga Botryococcus is a Producer of Valuable Metabolites

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    Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдован изолят Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΉ водоросли Botryococcus braunii, Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ·Π΅Ρ€Π° Π¨ΠΈΡ€Π° Π² 2022 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… биопластиков полигидроксиалканоатов (ΠŸΠ“Π) ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ состав ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот, ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ полигидроксиалканоатов. Π£Π³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, синтСзируСмыС изолятом, прСдставлСны Π² основном Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ с Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΠΈ Π‘27 ΠΈ Π‘29. Показана Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ аксСничной ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ B. braunii ΠΊ синтСзу ΠŸΠ“Π ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π² биомассС Π°Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ чистой ΠΈ нСаксСничной ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° (Π΄ΠΎ 7–10 %). Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π° консорциума Β«Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΠ»ΡŒ-Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈΒ», Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas koreensis, Aeromonas hydrophila, способныС ΠΊ синтСзу ΠŸΠ“Π. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡŒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ чистая ΠΈ нСаксСничная ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° B. braunii являСтся источником Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ водорослСвых ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… биопластиков ΠŸΠ“ΠAn isolate of the green alga Botryococcus braunii collected from Lake Shira in 2022 has been studied for the first time as a producer of degradable bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and hydrocarbons. The compositions of fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and PHAs were determined. The hydrocarbons synthesized by the isolate were mainly represented by dienes with carbon chain lengths C27 and C29. The study demonstrated the inability of the axenic culture of B. braunii to synthesize PHAs and the presence of polymer in the biomass of unialgal and non-axenic culture (up to 7–10 %). The bacterial component of the algal- bacterial consortium was studied, and bacteria Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas koreensis, and Aeromonas hydrophila, capable of PHA synthesis, were discovered in it and identified. The study showed that the unialgal and non-axenic culture of B. braunii can be a source of not only algal hydrocarbons, but also degradable bioplastics PHA

    Isolation and Purification of Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Scaling in Pilot Production

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    ИсслСдован процСсс выдСлСния ΠΈ очистки поли‑3-гидроксибутирата Π² условиях ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’ качСствС ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ»ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°Ρ‚ натрия, Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ натрия ΠΈ ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎΠΊ «ПСмос». Наибольший Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ 95 %, ΠΈ чистота ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° 99,5 % достигнут ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании двухстадийного ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° экстракции ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° «ПСмос» Π² качСствС ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡƒΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π° стадии ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ 31 Ρ€ΡƒΠ±/ΠΊΠ³ поли‑3-гидроксибутирата. По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ исслСдований внСсСны измСнСния Π² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ схСму процСссаThe process of isolating and purifying poly‑3-hydroxybutyrate under scaling conditions has been studied. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium hypochlorite and Pemos washing powder were studied as solubilizing agents. The highest yield of 95 % and polymer purity of 99.5 % was achieved using a two- stage extraction method and Pemos powder as a solubilizing agent. As a result, it was possible to reduce the costs at the solubilization stage to 31 rubles/kg of poly‑3-hydroxybutyrate. Based on the research results, a technology for the isolation and purification of polyhydroxyalkanoates was propose

    Fatty Acids Composition in Cyanobacteria and Their Ability to Synthesize Degradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)

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    Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ состав ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ синтСзу Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… полигидроксиалканоатов (ΠŸΠ“Π) Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² бассСйна Ρ€. ЕнисСй. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ 10 ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², относящихся ΠΊ порядкам Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, Nostocales ΠΈ Leptolyngbyales. Π’ составС Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² исслСдованных ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ 33 ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ кислоты, ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ спСцифики Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ, оказывая влияниС Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡ‹Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², которая составляла ΠΎΡ‚ 0,4 Π΄ΠΎ 9,5. Для всСх ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² качСствС основной ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ кислоты (Π–Πš) ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ кислота, содСрТаниС ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ составляло ΠΎΡ‚ 24 Π΄ΠΎ 47 % ΠΎΡ‚ суммы Π–Πš. Π”ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π–Πš Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ C16:1Ι·7 ΠΈ C18:1Ι·9, содСрТаниС ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ 2 Π΄ΠΎ 16 ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ 2 Π΄ΠΎ 24 % ΠΎΡ‚ суммы Π–Πš соотвСтствСнно. ВсС ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ синтСзировали ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ кислоты C16- ΠΈ C18 рядов, Π½ΠΎ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни. ВыявлСны ΠΏΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² (Chroococcus limneticus ACCS019, Trichormus variabilis ACCS039, Trichormus variabilis ACCS060, Anabaena aequalis ACCS089 ΠΈ Cylindrospermum stagnale ACCS051), ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρƒ всСх ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² прСдставлСн Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ 3-гидроксимасляной кислоты – ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ(3- гидроксибутиратом). ΠœΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡ стандартной ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ срСды (ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π΅Π΅ состава Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΈ фосфора) обСспСчила ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ содСрТания ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°. Π¦ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ Chroococcus limneticus ACCS019, Anabaena aequalis ACCS089 ΠΈ Cylindrospermum stagnale ACCS51, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… содСрТаниС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° составило, соотвСтствСнно, 8,9, 4,7 ΠΈ 3,2 %, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² качСствС ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠŸΠ“Π Π² процСссах фотосинтСзаThe composition of fatty acids of lipids and the ability of cyanobacteria to synthesize degradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) were examined in previously unstudied cyanobacteria isolated from a number of water bodies of the Yenisei River Basin. Ten strains of various species belonging to the orders Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, Nostocales and Leptolyngbyales were investigated. Thirty-three fatty acids (FAs) were identified in the lipid composition of the studied cyanobacterial strains. The ratio of FAs was to a high extent species-specific with the lipid saturation ranging from 0,4 to 9,5. In all strains, palmitic acid was identified as the main FA with the content ranging from 24 to 47 % of the total FA. The dominant monoenoic FAs were C16:1Ι·7 and C18:1Ι·9; their content varied from 2 to 16 and from 2 to 24 % of the total FA, respectively. All strains synthesized polyenoic acids of the C16- and C18 series but in different amounts. Five strains (Chroococcus limneticus ACCS019, Trichormus variabilis ACCS039, Trichormus variabilis ACCS060, Anabaena aequalis ACCS089 and Cylindrospermum stagnale ACCS051) were determined to be able to synthesize a homopolymer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid – poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). A modification of the standard nutrient medium (the exclusion of nitrogen and phosphorus from its composition) ensured a multiple increase in the intracellular content of the polymer. The cyanobacteria Chroococcus limneticus ACCS019, Anabaena aequalis ACCS089 and Cylindrospermum stagnale ACCS051 with the polymer content of 8.9, 4.7 and 3.2 %, respectively, can be considered as potential producers of PHA in photosynthesi

    Waste Fish Oil is a Promising Substrate for the Synthesis of Target Products of Biotechnology

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    Π–ΠΈΡ€, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² производства консСрвов прибалтийской кильки (Sprattus sprattus), Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ исслСдован Π² качСствС ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ субстрата для синтСза Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… биопластиков полигидроксиалканоатов (ΠŸΠ“Π) Π² ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ… ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ: Cupriavidus necator B‑5786, C. necator B‑8562, C. necator B‑10646. Π’ исслСдуСмом ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ составили 95 %, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ 4 ΠΈ 1 % соотвСтствСнно; Π² составС ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот (Π–Πš) Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 16 ΠΆΠΈΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… кислот с Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡŒΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ (28,0 % ΠΎΡ‚ суммы Π–Πš), ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ (25,3 % ΠΎΡ‚ суммы Π–Πš), докозагСксаСновой (16,7 % ΠΎΡ‚ суммы Π–Πš) кислот. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² выращивания Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π² срСдС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ синтСза Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ биомассы ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠŸΠ“Π. На ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС всС ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ биомассу с содСрТаниСм «сырого» ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 70 ΠΈ 50 % соотвСтствСнно с ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ аминокислот, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ростС Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ высокиС (Π΄ΠΎ 60–70 %) Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠŸΠ“Π, прСдставлСнныС 3-Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ сополимСрами ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ(3-гидроксибутират-со‑3- гидроксивалСрат-со‑3- гидроксигСксаноат) (П(3ГБ‑со‑3ГВ‑со‑3Π“Π“)) с содСрТаниСм 3Π“Π’ ΠΈ 3Π“Π“ соотвСтствСнно 0,20–0,31 ΠΈ 0,04–0,07 ΠΌΠΎΠ».% ΠΈ со значСниями срСднСвСсовой молСкулярной массы Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ 600 ΠΊΠ”Π° ΠΈ ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡŽ кристалличности порядка 70 %. Π˜ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ТиросодСрТащий ΠΎΡ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ Ρ€Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ отнСсти ΠΊ пСрспСктивному возобновляСмому ΠΈ доступному субстрату для биотСхнологичСского получСния Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Β«Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ…Β» пластиковFat derived from the waste of the Baltic sprat (Sprattus sprattus) canning industry was studied as a carbon substrate for the synthesis of single cell protein and degradable bioplastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), in the culture of three bacterial strains: Cupriavidus necator B‑5786, C. necator B‑8562, and C. necator B‑10646. The fatty substrate used in the present study contained 95 % of total lipids, 4 % of proteins, and 1 % of carbohydrates. Sixteen fatty acids (FAs) of lipids were identified, with palmitic (28.0 %), oleic (25.3 %), and docosahexaenoic (16.7 %) acids prevailing. The modes of cell cultivation were varied and the concentration of nitrogen in the medium was changed to direct metabolism towards synthesis of single cell protein or reserve PHAs. On complete nutrient medium, all strains synthesized high- protein biomass containing at least 70 and 50 % of β€œcrude” protein and protein, respectively, which were complete in amino acids, including essential ones. When bacterial growth was limited by nitrogen, high (up to 60–70 %) yields of PHAs were obtained. The PHAs were represented by 3-component copolymers poly(3-hydroxybutyrtae-co‑3-hydroxyvalerate-co‑3-hydroxyhaxanoate) (P(3HB‑co‑3HV‑co‑3HHx)) with 0.20–0.31 mol.% of 3HV and 0.04–0.07 mol.% of 3HHx and with a weight average molecular weight of at least 600 kDa and a degree of crystallinity of about 70 %. Based on these parameters, the fat- containing waste of the canning industry can be regarded as a promising renewable substrate for the biotechnological production of single cell protein and biodegradable β€œgreen” plastics – polyhydroxyalkanoate

    Modern Biomaterials: World Trends, Place and Role of Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)

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    Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ экологичСски чистых ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² биосфСрныС ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ‹, являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ соврСмСнности. Бвязано это с экологичСскими ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, возникшими Π² связи с Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² биосфСрС синтСтичСских ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ потрСбностями Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… биомСдицинских Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° состояния ΠΈ соврСмСнныС ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π΄Ρ‹ Π² области Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², мСсто ΠΈ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ синтСзируСмых ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… биопластиков (полигидроксиалканоатов, ΠŸΠ“Π). ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ тСхнологиям производства ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² этого класса Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ компаниями, рассмотрСны пСрспСктивы для становлСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ отрасли ΠŸΠ“Π Π² Π Π€. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ‚Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΈ БО РАН ΠΈ Бибирском Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ унивСрситСтС, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… производств Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ синтСза ΠŸΠ“Π Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ химичСской структуры со свойствами высококристалличных тСрмопластов ΠΈ конструкционных эластомСров; сконструированы ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ издСлия Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ 2D- ΠΈ 3D-Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ эндопротСзы, биосовмСстимыС покрытия, микроноситСли лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ наночастиц ΠΈ ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½; Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ доклиничСскиС ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ клиничСскиС исслСдования. ΠžΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ пСрспСктивы ΠŸΠ“Π Π² качСствС ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° для конструирования ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ срСдств Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ растСний, Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ½Π΅Development of environmentally friendly materials that could be involved in the biospheric cycling is one of the key issues of the present time due to both environmental hazard caused by accumulation of synthetic materials in the biosphere and the needs of modern biomedical technologies. The study analyzes the state of the art and current international trends in biomaterials research and the position and role of degradable bioplastics synthesized by microorganisms (polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs). The data are reported on the processes and production of this class of polymers by world’s leading companies; potentials for the development of commercial production of degradable PHAs in Russia are investigated. Institute of Biophysics SB RAS and Siberian Federal University have developed the technologies of the synthesis of PHAs with different chemical structure, exhibiting properties of high-crystallinity thermoplasts and construction elastomers, and used them in pilot production of these polymers. The researchers have constructed 2D and 3D polymer devices, implants, prostheses, biocompatible coatings, microcarriers of drugs and functioning cells as nanoparticles and ultrafine fibers; preclinical trials have been performed and clinical trials started. PHAs have been studied as material for packaging, for constructing fertilizer formulations and plant protectants; for biomedical application

    Degradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates of Microbial Origin as a Technical Analog of Non-Degradable Polyolefines

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    Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассмотрСны ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, связанныС с Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² биосфСрС ΠΎΡ‚Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² синтСтичСских пластиков. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ массив Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния – биопластикам – ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ происхоТдСния, способным Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСдС Π΄ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·Π²Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ². ΠžΡ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ класс ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… полигидроксиалканоаты (ΠŸΠ“Π) – Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², синтСзируСмых биотСхнологичСским способом, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈThe paper considers problems concerning accumulation of synthetic plastic wastes in the biosphere. A set of data is presented on materials of new generation – polymers of natural origin (bioplastics) which can degrade in the environment to harmless products. Biotechnologically synthesized biodegradable microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates and mechanisms of their degradability are characterize

    ΠŸΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π» Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ для Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растСний ΠΈ сниТСния ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡŒ уроТая

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    The study deals with problems of crop losses caused by pathogens, pests, and weeds and the global environmental problem of accumulation of protective chemicals in the biosphere. The author discusses potentials of biotechnology for plant protection and for decreasing the use of xenobiotics by replacing them with biofertilizers and biopesticides. Special attention is paid to the recent lines of research aimed at development and use of new-generation targeted and slow-release biotechnological preparations embedded in degradable matrix of microbial plastics – polyhydroxyalkanoatesΠ’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, связанныС с потСрями Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ воздСйствия Π½Π° ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ растСния Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ, Π²Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ сорняков, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ с глобальной экологичСской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ аккумуляции Π² биосфСрС химичСских срСдств Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹. РассмотрСны пСрспСктивы Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ для Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ растСний ΠΈ сокращСния ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ² примСнСния ксСнобиотиков Π·Π° счСт примСнСния Π±ΠΈΠΎΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ биопСстицидов. Π£Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ особоС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ новСйшим направлСниям исслСдований, ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡƒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ адрСсных ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… биотСхнологичСских ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поколСния, Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡƒΡŽ основу ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… биопластиков полигидроксиалканоато
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