Far fronte all’aggressività dei clienti in servizi in cambiamento: i Management Standards proteggono il benessere degli operatori?

Questo contributo analizza le relazioni tra aggressivit\ue0 dei clienti, risorse lavorative e benessere degli operatori in servizi pubblici che affrontano riconfigurazioni della loro missione. Basandosi sul modello Job Demands-Resources, lo studio ha esplorato: a) se il grado di esposizione percepita all'aggressivit\ue0 verbale influisse su esaurimento emotivo e soddisfazione al lavoro; b) se risorse del contesto lavorativo (controllo, chiarezza di ruolo, supporto dei colleghi, supporto dei superiori, modalit\ue0 di gestione del cambiamento) attenuassero gli esiti negativi; c) se tali risorse sostenessero maggiormente la soddisfazione lavorativa in condizioni di alta aggressivit\ue0. I dati, raccolti attraverso un questionario inviato a 279 lavoratori di biblioteche pubbliche italiane (154 rispondenti), sono stati analizzati mediante una serie di regressioni gerarchiche moderate. I risultati confermano che all\u2019aumentare dell\u2019aggressivit\ue0 dei clienti, percepita dagli operatori, cresce l\u2019esaurimento emotivo e decresce la soddisfazione lavorativa. Solo due risorse tra quelle considerate (modalit\ue0 di gestione del cambiamento organizzativo e supporto dei colleghi) hanno mostrato effetti protettivi sull\u2019esaurimento emotivo, mentre il legame tra risorse lavorative e soddisfazione lavorativa non \ue8 risultato modificarsi al variare dell\u2019intensit\ue0 di esposizione all\u2019aggressivit\ue0.This paper analyses the relations among perceived customers aggression, job resources and employees wellbeing in public services that are dealing with a changes in their mission towards customers. Based on the Job Demands \u2013 Resources model, the research explored a) if the level of exposure to verbal aggression by customers is related to employees\u2019 emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction; b) if a set of resources (control, clarity in role, support from colleagues and supervisors, change) contributes to buffering the negative impact of verbal aggression on burnout; c) if such resources are most beneficial in boosting job satisfaction under conditions of high aggressiveness. Data, gathered through a self-report questionnaire administered to 279 librarians in Italian public libraries (154 respondents), were analysed with a set of moderated hierarchical regression analyses. The results showed that increasing levels of perceived customer aggression are related to higher emotional exhaustion and lower job satisfactions. Only two of the organizational resources taken into consideration (change and support from colleagues) showed protective effects on emotional exhaustion, while the boosting effect was not confirmed

Anatomy of a high-silica eruption as observed by a local seismic network: the June 2011 Puyehue–Cordón Caulle event (southern Andes, Chile)

High-silica explosive eruptions are one of the most dangerous natural phenomena, yet it is unclear which processes are involved in this infrequent kind of event. We present the first systematic characterization of near-field seismicity associated with a large high-silica eruption analyzing data recorded before, during and after the 4 June 2011 rhyolitic eruption of Puyehue–Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex (PCCVC). Results of a first-level data processing, developed by the Southern Andean Volcano Observatory (OVDAS) to monitor unrest and the evolution of the eruption, are complemented here with the relocation of hypocenters into a local 1D velocity model, the time series of the b value and the computation of the focal mechanism. This information allows us to define several phases before and after the onset of the eruption, describing details of the space–time evolution of seismicity, defining and characterizing the seismic sources, and identifying the structural control of the magmatic intrusion and stress variations during the eruption. Our results illuminate several underlying processes, with emphasis on the possible role that basement structures had on the storage, transport and evacuation of magma. Integrating our results with previous findings based on satellite geodesy and petrology of erupted materials, we discuss general conceptual models regarding destabilization of structurally controlled acidic magmatic systems, the pass from unrest to eruption, and changes in eruptive style and waning phases of eruptions, with broader implications for monitoring and forecast of violent silicic eruptions.</p

Effect of Related and Unrelated Donor Haematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation on Outcome in Adults With High Risk Hematological Disease: An intention-to-treat Analysis of 410 Patients at a Single Center Institution

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Seroprevalencia de infección por el virus de leucosis bovina durante 2015 en rodeos de cría de la Zona Deprimida del Río Salado, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

La leucosis enzoótica bovina (LEB) es una enfermedad crónica, linfoproliferativa y altamente contagiosa producida por el virus de la leucosis bovina (VLB). La sangre es una fuente importante de infección, principalmente en la práctica veterinaria, considerando que solo 5 microlitros son suficientes para infectar a un bovino en forma experimental. La Zona Deprimida del Río Salado (ZDRS) está formada por poco más de 6 millones de hectáreas con una cantidad de terneros que representa el 16,05 % de las existencias nacionales y el 34,03 % de las provinciales, convirtiéndose, de ese modo,en la principal zona criadora de terneros de Argentina. Los últimos estudios sobre seroprevalencia de infección por el VLB en rodeos de cría en la provincia de Buenos Aires se realizaron hace poco más de 20 años, obteniéndose valores inferiores al 2 %. En este trabajo se analizaron un total de 1957 bovinos de cría provenientes de 90 establecimientos, representando poco más del 85 % de la superficie de la ZDRS, para determinar la presencia de anticuerpos contra el VLB mediante inmunodifusión en gel de agar, prueba utilizada en estudios epidemiológicos y en planes de erradicación de la enfermedad. La prevalencia en los establecimientos fue del 6,6 %, mientras que se obtuvo una seroprevalencia individual de 0,36 %. Debido a que la ZDRS es la de mayor productividad de terneros de cría en Argentina, es de sumo interés determinar la prevalencia de infección en esta región para establecer zonas libres de VLB.Enzootic bovine leukemia (EBL) is a chronic, lymphoproliferative and highly contagious disease caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Blood is an important source of infection in vet-erinary practice; only 5 microliters are enough to infect a cow experimentally. The Zona Deprimida del Río Salado (ZDRS) is the main region of breeding calves in Argentina, covering more than 6 million hectares with 16 % and 34 % of the national and provincial calf stock, respectively. The latest reports of ELB prevalence in cow-calf farms in Buenos Aires province were performed more than 20 years ago with values lower than 2 %. In this work, 1957 bovines from 90 cow-calf farms representing just over 85 % of the ZDRS were sampled to determine the presence of antibodies against BLV by agar gel immunodiffusion, a test used extensively in epidemiological studies, control and eradication of the disease. The prevalence in cow-calf farms was 6.6 % while the individual prevalence was 0.36 %. Since ZDRS is the main area of breeder calfs production in Argentina, it is relevant to determine EBL prevalence in this region in order to detect EBL free zones.Inst. de PatobiologíaFil: Panei, Carlos Javier. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tassara, F. Buenos Aires (provincia). Ministerio de Agroindustria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Curso de Clínica y Sanidad en Rumiantes; ArgentinaFil: Perez Aguirreburualde, Maria Sol. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Echeverria, Maria Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Galosi, C.M. Buenos Aires (provincia). Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Torres, A. Buenos Aires (provincia). Ministerio de Agroindustria; ArgentinaFil: Silva, H.J.E. Buenos Aires (provincia). Ministerio de Agroindustria; Argentin

Development of a Synthetic Earth Gravity Model by 3D mass optimisation based on forward modelling

Several previous Synthetic Earth Gravity Model (SEGM) simulations are based on existing information about the Earth’s internal mass distribution. However, currently available information is insufficient to model the Earth’s anomalous gravity field on a global scale. The low-frequency information is missing when modelling only topography, bathymetry and crust (including the Mohorovičić discontinuity), but the inclusion of information on the mantle and core does not seem to significantly improve this situation. This paper presents a method to determine a more realistic SEGM by considering simulated 3D mass distributions within the upper mantle as a proxy for all unmodelled masses within the Earth.The aim is to improve an initial SEGM based on forward gravity modelling of the topography, bathymetry and crust such that the missing low-frequency information is now included. The simulated 3D mass distribution has been derived through an interactive and iterative mass model optimisation algorithm, which minimises geoid height differences with respect to a degree-360 spherical harmonic expansion of the EGM2008 global external gravity field model. We present the developed optimisation algorithm by applying it to the development of a global SEGM that gives a reasonably close fit to EGM2008, and certainly closer than a SEGM based only on the topography, bathymetry and crust

Across-arc geochemical variations in the Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile (34.5- 38.0°S): Constraints on Mantle Wedge and Input Compositions

Crustal assimilation (e.g. Hildreth and Moorbath, 1988) and/or subduction erosion (e.g. Stern, 1991; Kay et al., 2005) are believed to control the geochemical variations along the northern portion of the Chilean Southern Volcanic Zone. In order to evaluate these hypotheses, we present a comprehensive geochemical data set (major and trace elements and O-Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopes) from Holocene primarily olivine-bearing volcanic rocks across the arc between 34.5-38.0°S, including volcanic front centers from Tinguiririca to Callaqui, the rear arc centers of Infernillo Volcanic Field, Laguna del Maule and Copahue, and extending 300 km into the backarc. We also present an equivalent data set for Chile Trench sediments outboard of this profile. The volcanic arc (including volcanic front and rear arc) samples primarily range from basalt to andesite/trachyandesite, whereas the backarc rocks are low-silica alkali basalts and trachybasalts. All samples show some characteristic subduction zone trace element enrichments and depletions, but the backarc samples show the least. Backarc basalts have higher Ce/Pb, Nb/U, Nb/Zr, and Ta/Hf, and lower Ba/Nb and Ba/La, consistent with less of a slab-derived component in the backarc and, consequently, lower degrees of mantle melting. The mantle-like δ18O in olivine and plagioclase phenocrysts (volcanic arc = 4.9-5.6 and backarc = 5.0-5.4 per mil) and lack of correlation between δ18O and indices of differentiation and other isotope ratios, argue against significant crustal assimilation. Volcanic arc and backarc samples almost completely overlap in Sr and Nd isotopic composition. High precision (double-spike) Pb isotope ratios are tightly correlated, precluding significant assimilation of older sialic crust but indicating mixing between a South Atlantic Mid Ocean-Ridge Basalt (MORB) source and a slab component derived from subducted sediments and altered oceanic crust. Hf-Nd isotope ratios define separate linear arrays for the volcanic arc and backarc, neither of which trend toward subducting sediment, possibly reflecting a primarily asthenospheric mantle array for the volcanic arc and involvement of enriched Proterozoic lithospheric mantle in the backarc. We propose a quantitative mixing model between a mixed-source, slab-derived melt and a heterogeneous mantle beneath the volcanic arc. The model is consistent with local geodynamic parameters, assuming water-saturated conditions within the slab

Effects of different doses of erythropoietin in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: A propensity score-matched analysis

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents effectively improve the hemoglobin levels in a fraction of anemic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Higher doses (HD) of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) have been proposed to overcome suboptimal response rates observed in MDS patients treated with lower "standard doses" (SD) of rhEPO. However, a direct comparison between the different doses of rhEPO is lacking

Humanized Rag1−/−γc−/− Mice Support Multilineage Hematopoiesis and Are Susceptible to HIV-1 Infection via Systemic and Vaginal Routes

Several new immunodeficient mouse models for human cell engraftment have recently been introduced that include the Rag2−/−γc−/−, NOD/SCID, NOD/SCIDγc−/− and NOD/SCIDβ2m−/− strains. Transplantation of these mice with CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells leads to prolonged engraftment, multilineage hematopoiesis and the capacity to generate human immune responses against a variety of antigens. However, the various mouse strains used and different methods of engrafting human cells are beginning to illustrate strain specific variations in engraftment levels, duration and longevity of mouse life span. In these proof-of-concept studies we evaluated the Balb/c-Rag1−/−γ−/− strain for engraftment by human fetal liver derived CD34+ hematopoietic cells using the same protocol found to be effective for Balb/c-Rag2−/−γc−/− mice. We demonstrate that these mice can be efficiently engrafted and show multilineage human hematopoiesis with human cells populating different lymphoid organs. Generation of human cells continues beyond a year and production of human immunoglobulins is noted. Infection with HIV-1 leads to chronic viremia with a resultant CD4 T cell loss. To mimic the predominant sexual viral transmission, we challenged humanized Rag1−/−γc−/− mice with HIV-1 via vaginal route which also resulted in chronic viremia and helper T cell loss. Thus these mice can be further exploited for studying human pathogens that infect the human hematopoietic system in an in vivo setting

Adherence to antibiotic treatment guidelines and outcomes in the hospitalized elderly with different types of pneumonia

Background: Few studies evaluated the clinical outcomes of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) and Health Care-Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) in relation to the adherence of antibiotic treatment to the guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS) in hospitalized elderly people (65 years or older). Methods: Data were obtained from REPOSI, a prospective registry held in 87 Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards. Patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia (ICD-9 480-487) or prescribed with an antibiotic for pneumonia as indication were selected. The empirical antibiotic regimen was defined to be adherent to guidelines if concordant with the treatment regimens recommended by IDSA/ATS for CAP, HAP, and HCAP. Outcomes were assessed by logistic regression models. Results: A diagnosis of pneumonia was made in 317 patients. Only 38.8% of them received an empirical antibiotic regimen that was adherent to guidelines. However, no significant association was found between adherence to guidelines and outcomes. Having HAP, older age, and higher CIRS severity index were the main factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: The adherence to antibiotic treatment guidelines was poor, particularly for HAP and HCAP, suggesting the need for more adherence to the optimal management of antibiotics in the elderly with pneumonia